Abstract The present study is based on the use of a conventional quadrupole ICP-MS for determining directly rare earth elements (REEs) in both fresh or slightly saline waters and digested sediments. The development of a robust method using a collision reaction cell (different collision gases and fluxes have been tested) and kinetic energy discrimination is proposed for the accurate quantification of REEs without any mathematical corrections and preconcentration steps. The choice of He gas over H2 and its flow in the collision reaction cell as well as the isotopes studied are thoroughly discussed with the aim of reducing drastically interferences. The exhaustive list of interferences (argides, chlorides, oxides, hydroxides, hydrides and doubly charged) has been investigated for the first time at different concentration levels, relevant with those found in environmental matrices based on the FORum of European Geological Surveys (FOREGS) database. The interference equivalent concentrations (IECs) have been determined and summarized. Although the impact of barium interferences onto europium and the impossibility to measure Sc have been pointed out, this method has been validated for all the other REEs in aquatic environmental matrices by studying the recoveries of spiked natural waters (5 commercially available mineral waters with dry residues ranging from 22 to 2,513 mg L−1 and a filtrated natural river water from Northern France) with relevant concentrations of REEs. Standard reference materials (i.e. three waters (AQUA-1, SLRS-6 and SLEW-3) and four sediments (BCR-667, HISS-1, Metranal-1 and PACS-3)) were also analysed to ensure the robustness of the method.

中文翻译：

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碰撞池电感耦合等离子体四极杆质谱法直接测定天然水和消化沉积物样品中的稀土元素

摘要 本研究基于使用传统四极杆 ICP-MS 直接测定淡水或微咸水和消化沉积物中的稀土元素 (REE)。建议开发使用碰撞反应池（已测试不同的碰撞气体和通量）和动能鉴别的稳健方法，以准确量化 REE，无需任何数学校正和预浓缩步骤。彻底讨论了 He 气而非 H2 的选择及其在碰撞反应池中的流动以及所研究的同位素，目的是显着减少干扰。首次对不同浓度水平的干扰物（氩化物、氯化物、氧化物、氢氧化物、氢化物和双电荷）的详尽清单进行了研究，与基于欧洲地质调查论坛 (FOREGS) 数据库的环境矩阵中发现的那些相关。干扰等效浓度 (IEC) 已确定并汇总。尽管已指出钡干扰对铕的影响以及无法测量 Sc，但通过研究加标天然水（5 种市售含干残留物的市售矿泉水）的回收率，该方法已对水生环境基质中的所有其他 REE 进行了验证。 22 至 2,513 mg L-1 和来自法国北部的过滤天然河水）以及相关浓度的 REE。还对标准参考物质（即三种水（AQUA-1、SLRS-6 和 SLEW-3）和四种沉积物（BCR-667、HIS-1、Metranal-1 和 PACS-3））进行了分析，以确保方法。