Abstract In constantly changing complex social-ecological systems conservation organisations need to take steps toward adaptive co-management if they want to be effective in their conservation activities. In the surroundings of the soda pans of the Kiskunsag region in Hungary, a participatory process was initiated with the local national park directorate to understand the socio-economic context of the sodic wetland area, reveal the perceptions of local stakeholders about the current and preferable management of the area and start discussions with them about certain priority management issues related to sustainable use (grazing and ecotourism). In this article, we show how this process helped in taking the first steps toward adaptive co-management. For the assessment, criteria of effective adaptive co-management were derived from the literature. The results show that most conditions for adaptive co-management have already been fulfilled (e.g. identified set of stakeholders, sense of place shared or incentives for participation) and some social outcomes were achieved. The participatory process assisted the collaboration of stakeholders, which can contribute to positive economic and ecological outcomes in the future. Through the engagement of local stakeholders some conflicting management issues were resolved (e.g. accepting a wider range of grazing animal species and allowing flexible time for mowing) and collaboration started on ecotourism issues (e.g. information sharing with the assistance of the national park directorate). This process can be seen as the ‘formulation’ phase of adaptive co-management but more efforts are needed to move toward the ‘conjoint’ phase with more actions, monitoring and social learning. Our case also shows that ACM can be a good method for both conservation and rural development but supporting policy environment as well as financial resources assisting the participatory process and nature-friendly farming activities can be important for its long term success.

中文翻译：

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在匈牙利 Kiskunság 的苏打锅周围促进利益相关者参与的适应性共同管理——一项评估

摘要 在不断变化的复杂社会生态系统中，保护组织如果想要有效地进行保护活动，就需要采取措施实现适应性共同管理。在匈牙利 Kiskunsag 地区的苏打锅周围，与当地国家公园管理局启动了一个参与式过程，以了解钠湿地地区的社会经济背景，揭示当地利益相关者对当前和更可取的管理的看法并开始与他们讨论与可持续利用（放牧和生态旅游）相关的某些优先管理问题。在本文中，我们展示了这个过程如何帮助迈出适应性共同管理的第一步。对于评估，有效的适应性共同管理的标准来自文献。结果表明，适应性共同管理的大多数条件已经得到满足（例如确定的利益相关者、共享地方感或参与激励），并取得了一些社会成果。参与式过程有助于利益相关者的合作，这有助于未来取得积极的经济和生态成果。通过当地利益相关者的参与，一些相互冲突的管理问题得到解决（例如，接受更广泛的放牧动物物种并允许灵活的割草时间），并开始在生态旅游问题上开展合作（例如，在国家公园管理局的协助下共享信息）。这个过程可以看作是适应性共同管理的“制定”阶段，但需要更多的努力，以采取更多行动迈向“联合”阶段，监测和社会学习。我们的案例还表明，ACM 可以成为保护和农村发展的好方法，但支持政策环境以及协助参与过程和自然友好农业活动的财政资源对其长期成功非常重要。