Fully dense TiC-based composites were produced by spark plasma sintering at 1900 °C with introducing AlN and graphene nano-platelets (GNPs) additives to the TiC matrix. The participation of AlN in removing oxygen-bearing species (i.e., TiO₂) has been found to be explicable for boosting the sinterability of TiC. TiN was formed in-situ as a product of the chemical reaction between AlN and TiO₂ compounds, dissolving within the TiC matrix and producing Ti(C,N) solid solution. Moreover, the co-addition of AlN and GNPs resulted in the creation of Al₂OC as another in-situ phase. This compound together with the initially introduced additives activated grain refinement and dispersion strengthening mechanisms, uplifting the flexural strength of TiC by ~35% (standing at 703 MPa). Although the intragranular fracture was the predominant wear mode in the monolithic TiC, the synergetic impacts of AlN and GNPs additives altered the prevailing mode to intergranular.

通过在1900°C下进行火花等离子体烧结，并将AlN和石墨烯纳米片（GNPs）添加剂引入TiC基体，可以生产出完全致密的TiC基复合材料。已经发现AlN参与去除含氧物质（即TiO ₂）对于提高TiC的可烧结性是可解释的。TiN作为AlN和TiO ₂化合物之间化学反应的产物原位形成，溶于TiC基质中并产生Ti（C，N）固溶体。此外，AlN和GNP的共同添加导致Al _2的产生OC是另一个原位阶段。该化合物与最初引入的添加剂一起激活了晶粒细化和分散增强机制，使TiC的抗折强度提高了约35％（为703 MPa）。尽管在整体式TiC中，晶粒内断裂是主要的磨损方式，但是AlN和GNPs添加剂的协同作用将主要的磨损方式改变为晶间。