Abstract Objective Evaluate the relationships between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and measures of intelligence in veterans. Method Veterans (N = 338) who deployed to Iraq and/or Afghanistan were recruited for a VA study on primary blast exposure. PTSD was evaluated using the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, 5th edition (CAPS-5) and the PTSD Checklist-5. Intelligence was measured using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 4th edition and the Test of Premorbid Functioning (TOPF). Validity was assessed with the Medical Symptom Validity Test, b Test, and Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology. Differences in Intelligence Quotient (IQ) estimates between individuals with and without PTSD were evaluated with t-tests. Correlations evaluated associations between symptom burden and intelligence. Results Of the seven IQ measures, only the Full Scale IQ score and TOPF Equated scores were significantly lower (but not abnormal) in the lifetime PTSD group. Moreover, these relationships were no longer significant when accounting for multiple comparisons, and symptom/performance validity appeared to better account for those relationships. Current symptom distress was weakly related to several outcomes, but not when using CAPS-5 measures. Neither lifetime nor current PTSD diagnoses were associated with significantly lower IQ scores. Conclusions This study did not support prior conclusions that low IQ is a risk factor for developing PTSD. This discrepancy is likely due to the use of ability and symptom validity checks, and sample characteristics (e.g., education). Future research should further evaluate the relationship of symptom distress on intellectual outcomes in combat veteran samples.

中文翻译：

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退伍军人智力与创伤后应激障碍的关系

摘要 目的评价退伍军人创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）与智力测量之间的关系。方法 部署到伊拉克和/或阿富汗的退伍军人 (N = 338) 被招募进行 VA 研究，以进行初级爆炸暴露。PTSD 使用临床医生管理的 PTSD 量表，第 5 版 (CAPS-5) 和 PTSD Checklist-5 进行评估。使用韦克斯勒成人智力量表第 4 版和病前功能测试 (TOPF) 测量智力。有效性通过医学症状有效性测试、b 测试和伪装症状学的结构化清单进行评估。有和没有 PTSD 的个体之间的智商 (IQ) 估计差异通过 t 检验进行评估。相关性评估了症状负担和智力之间的关联。七项智商测量的结果，在终生 PTSD 组中，只有全量表 IQ 分数和 TOPF Equated 分数显着降低（但不异常）。此外，在考虑多重比较时，这些关系不再显着，症状/表现效度似乎更好地解释了这些关系。当前的症状困扰与几种结果微弱相关，但在使用 CAPS-5 测量时则不然。终生或当前的 PTSD 诊断都与显着较低的 IQ 分数相关。结论 本研究不支持先前的结论，即低智商是发展 PTSD 的危险因素。这种差异可能是由于使用了能力和症状有效性检查以及样本特征（例如，教育）。