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Agronomic performance of durum wheat landraces and modern cultivars and its association with genotypic variation in vernalization response (Vrn-1) and photoperiod sensitivity (Ppd-1) genes
European Journal of Agronomy ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2020.126129
Conxita Royo , Susanne Dreisigacker , Karim Ammar , Dolors Villegas

Abstract This study analyzed the relationship between important agronomic traits and major genes regulating flowering time in a panel of 151 Mediterranean durum wheat landraces and 20 modern cultivars. Field experiments were conducted under rainfed conditions during six crop seasons in northeastern Spain. Multivariate analysis of agronomic traits and genotypic data allowed the modern cultivars to be differentiated from the landraces and germplasm pools to be identified within the landraces associated with their geographic origin. The high frequency of the Vrn-A1c allele and the photoperiod insensitive alleles GS105 and GS100 at Ppd-A1 reduced time to anthesis and enlarged the grain filling period of the modern cultivars compared with the landraces. Ancient durums collected close to the domestication area of wheat showed a high frequency of the winter allele vrn-B1 and the photoperiod sensitivity allele Ppd-B1b. None of the allele variants or allelic combinations accounted significantly for variations in any agronomic trait of modern cultivars. Vernalization and photoperiod genes acted additively in explaining the genotypic variance for the agronomic traits of the landraces. Vrn-A1 alleles and Vrn-A1+Vrn-B1 allelic combinations significantly affected the number of grains per spike (NGS), thousand kernel weight (TKW) and grain filling rate (R), accounting for 9%–12% of the genotypic variance for these traits. Ppd-1 accounted for 6%–21% of the genotypic variance for R, grain filling duration (GFD), plant height (PH), biomass at anthesis (CDW) and harvest index (HI). Vrn-1+Ppd-1 allelic combinations accounted for 21%–26% of the genotypic variance for these traits. Except for NGS, the effect of vernalization and photoperiod genes on the agronomic traits was linked to their effect on anthesis time. The three-day delay in anthesis time caused by the allele Vrn-A1d irrespective of the allele Vrn-A1c resulted in increases of 10 % in R and 7% in TKW. The eight-day delay in anthesis time caused by the allele Ppd-A1(DelCD) compared with Ppd-A1(GS105) increased R by 19 % and PH by 28 %, but reduced GFD and HI by 10 %. None of the allele variants or allelic combinations at the Vrn-1 or Ppd-1 genes accounted significantly for variations in yield or number of spikes m−2 (NSm2).

中文翻译:

硬粒小麦地方品种和现代栽培品种的农艺性能及其与春化反应(Vrn-1)和光周期敏感性(Ppd-1)基因基因型变异的关系

摘要 本研究分析了 151 个地中海硬粒小麦地方品种和 20 个现代栽培品种的重要农艺性状与调控开花时间的主要基因之间的关系。田间试验是在西班牙东北部的六个作物季节在雨养条件下进行的。农艺性状和基因型数据的多变量分析使现代栽培品种与地方品种区分开来,并在与其地理起源相关的地方品种中识别出种质库。与地方品种相比,Ppd-A1 处 Vrn-A1c 等位基因和光周期不敏感等位基因 GS105 和 GS100 的高频率缩短了开花时间并延长了现代栽培品种的籽粒灌浆期。在小麦驯化区附近收集的古代硬粒小麦显示出冬季等位基因 vrn-B1 和光周期敏感性等位基因 Ppd-B1b 的高频率。等位基因变体或等位基因组合都没有显着解释现代栽培品种的任何农艺性状的变化。春化和光周期基因在解释地方品种农艺性状的基因型变异方面起到了相加作用。Vrn-A1 等位基因和 Vrn-A1+Vrn-B1 等位基因组合显着影响每穗粒数 (NGS)、千粒重 (TKW) 和籽粒灌浆率 (R),占基因型的 9%–12%这些特征的差异。Ppd-1 占 R、籽粒灌浆持续时间 (GFD)、株高 (PH)、开花时生物量 (CDW) 和收获指数 (HI) 基因型变异的 6%–21%。Vrn-1+Ppd-1 等位基因组合占这些性状基因型变异的 21%–26%。除 NGS 外,春化和光周期基因对农艺性状的影响与其对开花时间的影响有关。不考虑等位基因 Vrn-A1c 的等位基因 Vrn-A1d 导致的开花时间延迟三天,导致 R 增加 10%,TKW 增加 7%。与 Ppd-A1(GS105) 相比,由等位基因 Ppd-A1(DelCD) 引起的开花时间延迟 8 天使 R 增加了 19 %,PH 增加了 28 %,但 GFD 和 HI 减少了 10 %。Vrn-1 或 Ppd-1 基因的等位基因变体或等位基因组合均未显着解释产量或峰值 m-2 (NSm2) 数量的变化。春化和光周期基因对农艺性状的影响与其对花期的影响有关。不考虑等位基因 Vrn-A1c 的等位基因 Vrn-A1d 导致的开花时间延迟三天,导致 R 增加 10%,TKW 增加 7%。与 Ppd-A1(GS105) 相比,由等位基因 Ppd-A1(DelCD) 引起的开花时间延迟 8 天使 R 增加了 19 %,PH 增加了 28 %,但 GFD 和 HI 减少了 10 %。Vrn-1 或 Ppd-1 基因的等位基因变体或等位基因组合均未显着解释产量或峰值 m-2 (NSm2) 数量的变化。春化和光周期基因对农艺性状的影响与其对花期的影响有关。不考虑等位基因 Vrn-A1c 的等位基因 Vrn-A1d 导致的开花时间延迟三天,导致 R 增加 10%,TKW 增加 7%。与 Ppd-A1(GS105) 相比,由等位基因 Ppd-A1(DelCD) 引起的开花时间延迟 8 天使 R 增加了 19 %,PH 增加了 28 %,但 GFD 和 HI 减少了 10 %。Vrn-1 或 Ppd-1 基因的等位基因变体或等位基因组合均未显着解释产量或峰值 m-2 (NSm2) 数量的变化。与 Ppd-A1(GS105) 相比,由等位基因 Ppd-A1(DelCD) 引起的开花时间延迟 8 天使 R 增加了 19 %,PH 增加了 28 %,但 GFD 和 HI 减少了 10 %。Vrn-1 或 Ppd-1 基因的等位基因变体或等位基因组合均未显着解释产量或峰值 m-2 (NSm2) 数量的变化。与 Ppd-A1(GS105) 相比,由等位基因 Ppd-A1(DelCD) 引起的开花时间延迟 8 天使 R 增加了 19 %,PH 增加了 28 %,但 GFD 和 HI 减少了 10 %。Vrn-1 或 Ppd-1 基因的等位基因变体或等位基因组合均未显着解释产量或峰值 m-2 (NSm2) 数量的变化。
更新日期:2020-10-01
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