Nowadays, due to the energy and environmental crisis, using renewable energy is considered to reduce environmental pollution. In this paper, a comprehensive review of geothermal source heat pumps (GSHPs) and air source heat pumps (ASHPs) are studied from various aspects including refrigerant change, single-stage heat pump and heat pump with an economizer. This study is conducted to meet the heating needs of the central laboratory of Hakim Sabzevari University. These cycles are analyzed using energy, exergy, and environmental and economic equations (4E analysis). The results show that the coefficient of performance (COP) and exergy efficiency values for the GSHP cycle are higher than the ASHP cycle, and the best refrigerant for both is R134A. The economic and environmental analysis also reveals that using the GSHP cycle can save the electricity to 239 MWh/year (by cycle equipment), which reduces CO₂ emissions to 140 tons/year and saves costs 27,280 $/year, compared to ASHP.

Moreover, by using an economizer in the heat pump cycle, the COP of the GSHP cycle improved by 9%. The exergy efficiency about 6.8% and the COP of the ASHP cycle grew about 7.5% and its exergy efficiency by 7.4%. It is concluded that the economizer has a more significant impact on the GSHP cycle.

如今，由于能源和环境危机，人们考虑使用可再生能源来减少环境污染。本文对地热源热泵（GSHP）和空气源热泵（ASHP）进行了全面回顾，从制冷剂更换，单级热泵和带节能器的热泵等各个方面进行了研究。进行这项研究是为了满足哈基姆·萨布泽瓦里大学中央实验室的供热需求。使用能源，火用，环境和经济等式（4E分析）分析这些循环。结果表明，GSHP循环的性能系数（COP）和火用效率值高于ASHP循环，两者的最佳制冷剂为R134A。与ASHP相比，每年排放₂吨至140吨，并节省成本27,280美元/年。

此外，通过在热泵循环中使用节能器，GSHP循环的COP提高了9％。火用效率约为6.8％，而ASHP循环的COP增长约7.5％，火用效率为7.4％。结论是，省煤器对GSHP循环的影响更大。