Analysis of craniometric structure based on four skull measurements has been performed in 37 Martes martes populations to assess their size distribution within the species range. The results show that groups of martens with the smallest skull size live in the northeastern part of European Russia (the Sukhona, Vyatka, Kama, Sylva, and Chusovaya river basins; 48°–58°N, 55°–62° E). The condylobasal length (CL) in males reaches a maximum in southern Sweden and on Menorca Island, with its sample mean value ranging from 80.42 to 88.00 mm; in females, in northern Sweden and Belgium (73.58–80.10 mm). Skull size shows a strong, statistically significant negative correlation with longitude. The correlation of CL with latitude is weaker but also negative and statistically significant, which is not consistent with Bergmann’s rule. An inverse trend is observed in the eastern part of the range, where the size of martens is relatively large. In general, variation in size has a polyclinal pattern. The recent size distribution of М. martes over the range probably reflects the course of initial expansion over Europe of the ancestral species, Miocene Martes laevidens, which had a small body size. These results agree with the hypothesis that the ancestors of M. martes had originated in Eastern Europe and then expanded to the west, northwest, and east.

中文翻译：

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物种范围内 Pine Marten Martes martes Linnaeus, 1756 (Mammalia: Mustelidae) 大小结构的空间趋势

已经在 37 个 Martes martes 种群中进行了基于四次头骨测量的颅骨测量结构分析，以评估它们在物种范围内的大小分布。结果表明，头骨最小的貂群生活在俄罗斯欧洲的东北部（苏霍纳、维亚特卡、卡马、西尔瓦和楚索瓦亚河流域；北纬 48°–58°、东经 55°–62°）。雄性髁基底长度（CL）在瑞典南部和梅诺卡岛达到最大值，样本平均值为80.42～88.00mm；在女性中，在瑞典北部和比利时（73.58-80.10 毫米）。头骨大小与经度呈强烈的、统计上显着的负相关。CL 与纬度的相关性较弱，但也呈负相关且统计显着，这不符合伯格曼规则。在该范围的东部观察到相反的趋势，马腾的尺寸相对较大。通常，大小的变化具有多斜模式。М的近期尺寸分布。范围内的貂可能反映了祖先物种中新世貂在欧洲最初扩张的过程，它的体型很小。这些结果与 M. martes 的祖先起源于东欧，然后向西、西北和东扩展的假设一致。