An increase in the human population, urbanization, industrialization, infrastructural development, and current agricultural practices acts as major factors leading to the decline of the groundwater table in the region. The present study analyzes the noticeable effect of anthropogenic pressure on the groundwater table in the Bist-Doab region in Punjab, India, from 1996 to 2016. Statistical techniques, viz., Mann-Kendall Z statistics and Sen’s slope, were used to estimate the water table decline in the area. The results indicate that there was a slight increase in the groundwater table in the Kandi belt of Siwalik foothills and south-western parts of the region. In the rest of the areas, a significant declining trend was observed in the groundwater table. The decline in the water table ranged from 56 to 149 cm per year in the pre- and post-monsoon seasons due to increasing in rice cultivated area, which is an alarming situation in the aquifer system of the region. Hence, to reduce the further decline of the groundwater table, water management practices need to be encouraged in the region. There is requiring immediate attention to change the present land-use/cover practices and to grow less water-consuming crops instead of high water-consuming crops to reduce the pressure on groundwater.

中文翻译：

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人为活动对印度旁遮普东北部冲积含水层的影响。

人口增加，城市化，工业化，基础设施发展以及当前的农业作法是导致该地区地下水位下降的主要因素。本研究分析了人为压力对1996年至2016年印度旁遮普邦Bist-Doab地区地下水位的显着影响。采用统计技术，即Mann-Kendall Z统计量和Sen斜率，来估算人为压力。该地区地下水位下降。结果表明，Siwalik山麓和该地区西南部的Kandi带地下水位略有增加。在其余地区，地下水位下降趋势明显。在季风前后，由于水稻种植面积的增加，地下水位每年下降56至149厘米，这是该地区含水层系统令人震惊的情况。因此，为了减少地下水位的进一步下降，需要鼓励该地区的水管理实践。需要立即注意改变当前的土地利用/覆盖方式，并种植耗水量小的作物而不是高耗水量的作物，以减轻对地下水的压力。