Engineered soft tissue products—both tendon and ligament—have gained tremendous interest in regenerative medicine as alternatives to autograft and allograft treatments due to their potential to overcome limitations such as pain and donor site morbidity. Tendon engineered grafts have focused on the replication of native tendon tissue composition and architecture in the form of scaffolds using synthetic or natural biomaterials seeded with cells and factors. However, these approaches suffer due to static culture environments that fail to mimic the dynamic tissue environment and mechanical forces required to promote tenogenic differentiation of cultured cells. Mechanical stimulation is sensed by cellular mechanosensors such as integrins, focal adhesion kinase, and other transmembrane receptors which promote tenogenic gene expression and synthesis of tendon extracellular matrix components such as Type I collagen. Thus, it is imperative to apply biological and biomechanical aspects to...

中文翻译：

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肌腱组织工程：生物力学考虑。

工程软组织产品——肌腱和韧带——由于其克服疼痛和供体部位发病率等局限性的潜力，作为自体移植和同种异体移植治疗的替代方案，在再生医学方面引起了极大的兴趣。肌腱工程移植物专注于使用植入细胞和因子的合成或天然生物材料以支架形式复制天然肌腱组织成分和结构。然而，这些方法受到静态培养环境的影响，这些环境无法模拟动态组织环境和促进培养细胞成腱分化所需的机械力。机械刺激由细胞机械传感器如整合素、粘着斑激酶、和其他促进肌腱基因表达和肌腱细胞外基质成分（如 I 型胶原蛋白）合成的跨膜受体。因此，必须将生物学和生物力学方面应用于……