As other causes decline in importance, chromium-tanned leather has become a more important source for chromium allergy, which affects around 1% of the general population. The aim of this review is to give suggestions on how to minimize the risk of leather-related allergic contact dermatitis, which can be elicited in chromium-allergic persons by hexavalent and trivalent chromium released from leather. Hexavalent chromium is the more potent chromium form and requires a lower skin dose to elicit allergic reactions. It is formed on the surface of some, antioxidant-free, leathers at dry conditions (< 35% relative humidity) and is influenced by the tanning process and other conditions, such as UV irradiation, contact with alkaline solutions, and leather age. Trivalent chromium is the dominant form released from chromium-tanned leather and its released amount is sufficient to elicit allergic reactions in some chromium-allergic individuals when they are exposed repetitively and over longer time (days – months). A low initial test result (< 3 mg/kg) for hexavalent chromium with the current standard test (ISO 17075) does not guarantee a low release of chromium from the leather or a low release of hexavalent chromium under typical exposure conditions during the service life of the leather. Information, labels, and certificates regarding leather products are often insufficient to protect chromium-allergic individuals. Correct labelling and information on the possible content of different allergens, as well as different tanning alternatives for certain leather products, are crucial.

中文翻译：

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铬和皮革：过敏性接触性皮炎与铬相关的化学综述

随着其他原因的重要性下降，铬鞣革已成为铬过敏的更重要来源，其影响了约1％的总人口。这篇综述的目的是就如何减少与皮革有关的过敏性接触性皮炎的风险提出建议，皮革过敏性接触性皮炎可通过皮革中释放的六价和三价铬在铬过敏者中引发。六价铬是更有效的铬形式，需要较低的皮肤剂量才能引起过敏反应。它在干燥条件下（相对湿度<35％）在一些不含抗氧化剂的皮革表面上形成，并受制革过程和其他条件（例如紫外线辐射，与碱性溶液的接触和皮革的老化）的影响。三价铬是从鞣革皮革中释放出来的主要形式，当某些铬过敏者反复暴露于较长时间（数天至数月）时，其释放量足以引起过敏反应。当前标准测试（ISO 17075）中六价铬的低初始测试结果（<3 mg / kg）不能保证皮革在使用寿命期间的典型暴露条件下铬从皮革中的释放量低或六价铬的释放量低皮革。有关皮革产品的信息，标签和证书通常不足以保护对铬过敏的人。正确的标签和有关不同过敏原可能含量的信息以及某些皮革产品的不同鞣制替代品至关重要。