Accelerated globalisation has substantially contributed to the rise of emerging markets worldwide. The G7 and Emerging Markets Seven (EM7) behaved in significantly different macroeconomic ways before, during, and after the 2008 Global Crisis. Average real GDP growth rates remained substantially higher among the EM7, while unemployment rates changed their patterns after the crisis. Since 2017, however, approximately one half of the worldwide economic growth is attributable to the EM7, and only a quarter to the G7. This paper aims to analyse the association between the health spending and real GDP growth in the G7 and the EM7 countries. In terms of GDP growth, the EM7 exhibited a higher degree of resilience during the 2008 crisis, compared to the G7. Unemployment in the G7 nations was rising significantly, compared to pre-recession levels, but, in the EM7, it remained traditionally high. In the G7, the austerity (measured as a percentage of GDP) significantly decreased the public health expenditure, even more so than in the EM7. Out-of-pocket health expenditure grew at a far more concerning pace in the EM7 compared to the G7 during the crisis, exposing the vulnerability of households living close to the poverty line. Regression analysis demonstrated that, in the G7, real GDP growth had a positive impact on out-of-pocket expenditure, measured as a percentage of current health expenditure, expressed as a percentage of GDP (CHE). In the EM7, it negatively affected CHE, CHE per capita, and out-of-pocket expenditure per capita. The EM7 countries demonstrated stronger endurance, withstanding the consequences of the crisis as compared to the G7 economies. Evidence of this was most visible in real growth and unemployment rates, before, during and after the crisis. It influenced health spending patterns in both groups, although they tended to diverge instead of converge in several important areas.

中文翻译：

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实际GDP增长率和医疗保健支出-G7和EM7国家之间的比较。

全球化加速为全球新兴市场的崛起做出了巨大贡献。七国集团和新兴市场七国（EM7）在2008年全球危机之前，之中和之后的宏观经济表现均大不相同。新兴市场国家7中的实际平均GDP增长率仍然大幅提高，而危机后失业率改变了其模式。但是，自2017年以来，全球经济增长的一半左右都来自EM7，而G7仅占四分之一。本文旨在分析G7和EM7国家的医疗保健支出与实际GDP增长之间的关联。在GDP增长方面，与G7相比，EM7在2008年危机期间表现出更高的弹性。与经济衰退前的水平相比，七国集团（G7）国家的失业率显着上升，但是，在EM7中，它传统上仍然很高。在七国集团中，紧缩政策（占GDP的百分比）显着减少了公共卫生支出，甚至比EM7还要多。与危机期间的七国集团相比，新兴市场国家7中的自付费用卫生支出的增长速度令人担忧得多，这暴露了生活在贫困线附近的家庭的脆弱性。回归分析表明，在七国集团中，实际GDP增长对自付费用有积极影响，以现时卫生支出的百分比衡量，以GDP的百分比表示（CHE）。在EM7中，它对CHE，人均CHE和人均自付费用产生了负面影响。与七国集团经济体相比，新兴经济体国家表现出更强的承受力，承受了危机的后果。危机发生之前，之中和之后的实际增长和失业率最为明显。它影响了两组的卫生支出模式，尽管它们趋于分歧而不是趋于集中在几个重要领域。