In architecture, design of doors and windows for functional requirements, circulation, natural light and ventilation, aesthetics and view is inevitable. Parameters such as size, location and aspect ratio of the openings change the seismic behaviour of infilled frames. Ignoring these parameters in structural analysis may lead to substantial inaccuracy in predicting the lateral stiffness, strength and ductility of the frame. Despite numerous experimental and numerical studies on perforated infill walls in recent decades, the related provisions are rare in seismic codes and engineers tend not to use their results in analysis and design due to their complexity. The main purpose of this work was to propose a new procedure to determine the specifications of equivalent struts of perforated infill walls for engineering applications considering structural stiffness and load path based on valuable existing literature. All common types of windows used in architectural design (central openings, eccentric openings, corner openings and full-length openings) were investigated and the literature was reviewed for reduction factors of equivalent struts of infill walls with openings. Where there was a lack of studies, 27 micro models and 14 macro models were analysed to achieve the purpose of the research. A comprehensive and practical algorithm based on the size and location of openings is proposed.

中文翻译：

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确定具有工程应用开口的填充墙等效支杆的新程序

在建筑中，根据功能要求，循环，自然采光和通风，美观和视野设计门窗是不可避免的。开口的大小，位置和长宽比等参数会改变填充框架的抗震性能。在结构分析中忽略这些参数可能会导致在预测框架的侧向刚度，强度和延展性方面存在很大的误差。尽管最近几十年来对多孔填充墙进行了大量的实验和数值研究，但相关规定在地震法规中却很少见，并且由于其复杂性，工程师倾向于不将其结果用于分析和设计。这项工作的主要目的是根据现有文献，根据结构刚度和载荷路径，提出一种新的程序来确定工程应用中的多孔填充墙的等效支柱规格。对建筑设计中使用的所有常见类型的窗户（中央开口，偏心开口，角部开口和全长开口）进行了调查，并对有关带开口的填充墙等效支杆的折减系数进行了综述。在缺乏研究的地方，分析了27个微观模型和14个宏观模型以达到研究目的。提出了一种基于孔的大小和位置的综合实用算法。对建筑设计中使用的所有常见类型的窗户（中央开口，偏心开口，角部开口和全长开口）进行了调查，并对有关带开口的填充墙等效支杆的折减系数进行了综述。在缺乏研究的地方，分析了27个微观模型和14个宏观模型以达到研究目的。提出了一种基于孔的大小和位置的综合实用算法。对建筑设计中使用的所有常见类型的窗户（中央开口，偏心开口，角部开口和全长开口）进行了调查，并对有关带开口的填充墙等效支杆的折减系数进行了综述。在缺乏研究的地方，分析了27个微观模型和14个宏观模型以达到研究目的。提出了一种基于孔的大小和位置的综合实用算法。