Innovative air path concepts for turbocharged spark-ignition engines with exhaust gas recirculation impose high demands on the control due to nonlinearities and cross-couplings. This contribution investigates the control of the air and exhaust gas recirculation paths of a two-stage turbocharged spark-ignition engine with low pressure exhaust gas recirculation. Using exhaust gas recirculation at high loads, the in-cylinder temperature can be lowered, reducing the knock tendency, while at the same time preventing the need for the enrichment of the air/fuel ratio. Air and exhaust gas recirculation paths are cross-coupled and show different delay times. To tackle these challenges, a data-based two-stage model predictive controller is proposed: The target selector accounts for the overactuated system structure, while the dynamic controller adjusts the charging pressure and exhaust gas recirculation rate. The prediction model setup is based on a small amount of dyno-run measurement data. To ensure real-time capability, the model is kept as simple as possible. This allows for fast turnaround times of the algorithm, while maintaining the necessary accuracy in steady-state and transient operation. This study focuses on a two-stage control concept based on a target selector for optimal stationary control inputs and the dynamic controller considering the dynamic behavior of the air and exhaust gas recirculation paths. Subsequently, the control concept for the two-stage turbocharged spark-ignition engine with low pressure exhaust gas recirculation is validated via experimental tests under real-driving conditions on an automotive test track, using a prototype test vehicle. Results show that boost pressure as well as exhaust gas recirculation rate setpoints are met without overshoot and control deviation with settling times being close to the boundaries set by the hardware.

中文翻译：

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具有低压废气再循环的两级涡轮增压火花点火发动机的模型预测气路控制

由于非线性和交叉耦合，带有废气再循环的涡轮增压火花点火发动机的创新空气路径概念对控制提出了很高的要求。该贡献研究了具有低压废气再循环的两级涡轮增压火花点火发动机的空气和废气再循环路径的控制。在高负荷下使用废气再循环，可以降低缸内温度，减少爆震倾向，同时防止需要增加空燃比。空气和废气再循环路径交叉耦合并显示不同的延迟时间。为了应对这些挑战，提出了一种基于数据的两阶段模型预测控制器：目标选择器考虑了过度驱动的系统结构，而动态控制器则调节增压压力和废气再循环率。预测模型设置基于少量测功运行测量数据。为确保实时能力，模型尽可能简单。这允许算法的快速周转时间，同时在稳态和瞬态操作中保持必要的精度。本研究的重点是基于目标选择器的两级控制概念，用于最佳静止控制输入和考虑空气和废气再循环路径动态行为的动态控制器。随后，通过在汽车测试跑道上的真实驾驶条件下的实验测试验证了具有低压废气再循环的两级涡轮增压火花点火发动机的控制概念，使用原型测试车辆。结果表明，增压压力和废气再循环率设定值都得到满足，没有超调和控制偏差，稳定时间接近硬件设置的边界。