The popularity of electronic cigarettes (electronic nicotine delivery systems or ENDS) has grown rapidly over the past decade. With the continued evolution of ENDS, and the arrival of newer replaceable pod devices on the market, it is prudent to examine their emissions to help determine potential health risks to the user. Metal-containing particles were examined in aerosol from several pod-based devices from three manufacturers that offer flavored liquids in their respective products. Previous ENDS metal emissions studies focused on the total toxic metal concentrations in aerosols and have suggested that the principal sources are oxidized internal metal components that are in contact with the liquid. Most metal oxides have limited solubility, and it is likely that some metal content in ENDS aerosol may present as particles rather than dissolved forms. Examining the composition and number of particles in the ENDS aerosols is important because inhaled metal oxide particles cause pulmonary inflammation. Chronic inhalation of ENDS aerosol may lead to inflammatory cell activation in the lungs. Therefore, this study was designed to measure metal oxide particle concentrations and sizes in ENDS aerosols from select pod-based systems. Aerosol samples were generated with pod liquids (tobacco, mint or menthol) from devices produced by three manufacturers using CORESTA Recommended Method 81 parameters with a high-purity fluoropolymer aerosol trap. Particle sizes for chromium, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, tin and lead oxides were measured in triplicate using single particle inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry and dynamic light scattering. A novel aspect of these measurements included using dual element particle analysis to infer particle source component material. Particle concentrations in aerosols from the devices were variable between devices and from pod to pod, ranging from no detectable chromium- and zinc-containing particles in aerosol from some pods to 222,000 lead containing particles per 10 puffs from individual pods.

中文翻译：

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Pod型电子烟中的气溶胶中的有毒金属颗粒

在过去的十年中，电子烟（电子尼古丁传送系统或ENDS）的普及迅速增长。随着ENDS的不断发展，以及更新的可更换吊舱设备投放市场，审慎检查其排放量以帮助确定对用户的潜在健康风险是审慎的做法。在来自三个制造商的几种基于豆荚的设备的气雾剂中检查了含金属的颗粒，这些设备在各自的产品中提供调味液。先前的ENDS金属排放研究集中于气溶胶中的总有毒金属浓度，并建议主要来源是与液体接触的氧化内部金属成分。大多数金属氧化物的溶解度有限，ENDS气溶胶中的某些金属含量可能以颗粒而不是溶解形式存在。检查ENDS气溶胶中颗粒的组成和数量很重要，因为吸入的金属氧化物颗粒会引起肺部炎症。长期吸入ENDS气雾剂可能会导致肺部炎症细胞活化。因此，本研究旨在测量来自选定基于吊舱的系统中的ENDS气溶胶中的金属氧化物颗粒浓度和尺寸。气溶胶样品是由三家制造商生产的设备使用豆荚液（烟草，薄荷或薄荷醇）使用CORESTA推荐方法81参数和高纯度含氟聚合物气溶胶捕集器产生的。铬，铁，镍，铜，锌的粒度 使用单粒子电感耦合等离子体质谱法和动态光散射法一式三份地测量了锡和铅的氧化物。这些测量的一个新颖方面包括使用双元素粒子分析来推断粒子源成分材料。装置之间和每个荚之间，装置中气溶胶中的颗粒浓度是可变的，范围从某些荚中的气溶胶中没有可检测到的含铬和锌的颗粒到每个荚中每10抽吸中的222,000含铅颗粒。