Bioelectronic interfaces employing arrays of sensors and bioactuators are promising tools for the study, repair and engineering of cardiac tissues. They are typically constructed from rigid and brittle materials processed in a cleanroom environment. An outstanding technological challenge is the integration of soft materials enabling a closer match to the mechanical properties of biological cells and tissues. Here we present an algorithm for direct writing of elastic membranes with embedded electrodes, optical waveguides and microfluidics using a commercial 3D printing system and a palette of silicone elastomers. As proof of principle, we demonstrate interfacing of cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), which are engineered to express Channelrhodopsin-2. We demonstrate electrical recording of cardiomyocyte field potentials and their concomitant modulation by optical and pharmacological stimulation delivered via the membrane. Our work contributes a simple prototyping strategy with potential applications in organ-on-chip or implantable systems that are multi-modal and mechanically soft.

采用传感器和生物致动器阵列的生物电子接口是用于心脏组织的研究，修复和工程化的有前途的工具。它们通常由在洁净室环境中加工过的刚性和脆性材料制成。一项严峻的技术挑战是软材料的集成，使其与生物细胞和组织的机械性能更加匹配。在这里，我们介绍了一种使用商用3D打印系统和有机硅弹性体调色板直接写入带有嵌入式电极，光波导和微流体的弹性膜的算法。作为原理的证明，我们证明了源自人类诱导的多能干细胞（hiPSC）的心肌细胞的接口，该细胞经工程改造可表达Channelrhodopsin-2。我们展示了心肌细胞场电位的电记录及其伴随的通过膜传递的光学和药理刺激的调制。我们的工作为简单的原型开发策略做出了贡献，并有望在多模态且机械柔软的片上器官或植入系统中得到潜在的应用。