Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the chemical profile and to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the essential oils of Piper species and modulation of the antibiotic activity, using the microdilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. The chemical components were characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, which revealed β-copaen-4-α-ol (31.38%), spathulenol (25.92%), and germacrene B (21.53%) as major constituents of the essential oils of Piper arboreum, Piper aduncum, and Piper gaudichaudianum, respectively. The essential oils analyzed in this study did not present a clinically relevant activity against standard and multiresistant Escherichia coli. However, in the case of multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus, there was a significant activity, corroborating with reports in the literature, where Gram-positive bacteria are more susceptible to antimicrobial activity. The essential oils modulated the effect of the antibiotics norfloxacin and gentamicin, having on the latter greater modulating effect; however, for erythromycin, no statistically significant effect was observed. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study demonstrated that the essential oils of the analyzed Piper species present an inhibitory effect against S. aureus and modulate antibiotic activity, most of which presents synergistic activity.

中文翻译：

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气相色谱联用质谱 (GC-MS) 表征和评价来自 Piper arboreum Aubl.、Piper aduncum L. e Piper gaudichaudianum Kunth 精油的抗菌生物活性

摘要 本研究的目的是确定化学特征并评估胡椒属精油的抗菌活性和抗生素活性的调节，使用微量稀释方法确定最小抑菌浓度。化学成分通过气相色谱与质谱联用进行表征，结果表明 β-copaen-4-α-ol (31.38%)、spathulenol (25.92%) 和 Germacene B (21.53%) 作为精油的主要成分Piper arboreum、Piper aduncum 和 Piper gaudichaudianum。本研究中分析的精油对标准和多重耐药大肠杆菌没有临床相关活性。然而，在多重耐药金黄色葡萄球菌的情况下，有显着的活性，证实了文献中的报道，其中革兰氏阳性菌对抗菌活性更敏感。精油调节抗生素诺氟沙星和庆大霉素的作用，对后者具有更大的调节作用；然而，对于红霉素，没有观察到统计学上的显着影响。总之，本研究中获得的结果表明，所分析的 Piper 物种的精油对金黄色葡萄球菌具有抑制作用并调节抗生素活性，其中大部分具有协同活性。没有观察到统计学上的显着影响。总之，本研究中获得的结果表明，所分析的 Piper 物种的精油对金黄色葡萄球菌具有抑制作用并调节抗生素活性，其中大部分具有协同活性。没有观察到统计学上的显着影响。总之，本研究中获得的结果表明，所分析的 Piper 物种的精油对金黄色葡萄球菌具有抑制作用并调节抗生素活性，其中大部分具有协同活性。