A Single‐Material Multi‐Source Energy Harvester, Multifunctional Sensor, and Integrated Harvester–Sensor System—Demonstration of Concept,Energy Technology

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A Single‐Material Multi‐Source Energy Harvester, Multifunctional Sensor, and Integrated Harvester–Sensor System—Demonstration of Concept
Energy Technology ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-16 , DOI: 10.1002/ente.202000461
Yang Bai ₁ , Jaakko Palosaari ₁ , Pavel Tofel _{2,

3} , Jari Juuti ₁

Affiliation

Single‐source energy harvesters that convert solar, thermal, or kinetic energy into electricity for small‐scale smart electronic devices and wireless sensor networks have been under development for decades. When an individual energy source is insufficient for the required electricity generation, multi‐source energy harvesting is indicated. Current technology usually combines different individual harvesters to achieve the capability of harvesting multiple energy sources simultaneously. However, this increases the overall size of the multi‐source harvester, but in microelectronics miniaturization is a critical consideration. Herein, an advanced approach is demonstrated to solve this issue. A single‐material energy harvesting/sensing device is fabricated using a (K_0.5Na_0.5)NbO₃‐Ba(Ni_0.5Nb_0.5)O_3–Δ (KNBNNO) ceramic as the sole energy‐conversion component. This single‐material component is able simultaneously to harvest or sense solar (visible light), thermal (temperature fluctuation), and kinetic (vibration) energy sources by incorporating its photovoltaic, pyroelectric, and piezoelectric effects, respectively. The interactions between different energy conversion effects, e.g., the influence of dynamic behavior on the photovoltaic effect and alternating current–direct current (AC–DC) signal trade‐offs, are assessed and discussed. This research is expected to stimulate energy‐efficient design of electronic devices by integrating both harvesting and sensing functions in the same material/component.

中文翻译：

单材料多源能量采集器，多功能传感器以及集成的采集器-传感器系统-概念验证

将太阳能，热能或动能转化为电能以用于小型智能电子设备和无线传感器网络的单源能量收集器已经开发了数十年。当单个能源不足以满足所需的发电量时，将指示多源能源收集。当前的技术通常结合不同的单个收割机，以实现同时收割多个能源的能力。但是，这增加了多源采集器的总体尺寸，但是在微电子学中，小型化是一个关键的考虑因素。本文中，展示了一种高级方法来解决此问题。使用（K _0.5 Na _0.5）NbO制造一种单一材料的能量收集/传感设备₃ ‐Ba（Ni _0.5 Nb _0.5）O _3–Δ（KNBNNO）陶瓷是唯一的能量转换组件。这种单一材料的组件通过分别结合其光伏效应，热电效应和压电效应，能够同时收集或感测太阳能（可见光），热（温度波动）和动能（振动）能源。评估并讨论了不同能量转换效应之间的相互作用，例如，动态行为对光伏效应的影响以及交流-直流（AC-DC）信号的权衡。通过将收集和传感功能集成在相同的材料/组件中，这项研究有望刺激电子设备的节能设计。

更新日期：2020-09-05

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