Multiple studies have confirmed the pro‐oncogenic effects of PAX3 in an array of cancers, but its role in prostate cancer (PCa) remains largely undefined. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of PAX3 in PCa. PAX3 expression was compared between PCa tumor tissue and nontumor tissues and PCa cell lines and normal prostate epithelial cells (PNT2) by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry staining. MTT and immunofluorescence assays were used to detect PCa cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell apoptosis in PCa. Transwell assays were used for the determination of cell migration and PCa cell invasion. PAX3 expression was higher in PCa tissues and human PCa cell lines. Moreover, PAX3 silencing inhibited the proliferation, metastasis, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of PCa cells, and increased the rates of apoptosis. PAX3 silencing inhibited transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β)/Smad signaling in PCa cells. The effects of si‐PAX3 on the proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and EMT of PCa cells were alleviated by TGF‐β1 treatment. PAX3 silencing inhibits PCa progression through the inhibition of TGF‐β/Smad signaling. This reveals PAX3 as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for future PCa treatments.

中文翻译：

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PAX3 沉默通过抑制 TGF-β/Smad 信号轴来抑制前列腺癌进展。

多项研究证实了 PAX3 在一系列癌症中的促癌作用，但其在前列腺癌 (PCa) 中的作用仍未明确。本研究的目的是研究 PAX3 在 PCa 中的作用。通过蛋白质印迹分析和免疫组织化学染色比较 PCa 肿瘤组织和非肿瘤组织以及 PCa 细胞系和正常前列腺上皮细胞 (PNT2) 之间的 PAX3 表达。MTT和免疫荧光测定用于检测PCa细胞增殖。流式细胞术用于评估 PCa 中的细胞凋亡。Transwell 测定用于测定细胞迁移和 PCa 细胞侵袭。PAX3 在 PCa 组织和人 PCa 细胞系中的表达较高。此外，PAX3 沉默抑制了 PCa 细胞的增殖、转移和上皮间质转化 (EMT)，并增加细胞凋亡率。PAX3 沉默抑制了 PCa 细胞中的转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）/Smad 信号传导。TGF-β1治疗减轻了si-PAX3对PCa细胞增殖、凋亡、转移和EMT的影响。PAX3 沉默通过抑制 TGF-β/Smad 信号传导来抑制 PCa 进展。这揭示了 PAX3 作为未来 PCa 治疗的新型生物标志物和治疗靶点。