Abstract Nowadays, the development of metal-metal sulfide interface semiconductors using green approach is best material for the photocatalytic and biological applications. Here, we provided for the first time, an environmentally friendly route to fabricate bovine serum albumin (BSA) assisted Ag@Bi2S3 composites through a metal-metal sulphide interface via a simple hydrothermal method for the evaluation of photochemical and biological applications. The synthesized composites were characterized by UV–vis DRS, PL, XRD, TEM, and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. The UV–vis DRS and PL spectra show that the obtained nano-sized Ag@Bi2S3 composite displays enhanced visible-light absorption and a decreased fluorescence emission compared to that of Bi2S3 nanorods (NRs). The photocatalytic performances of the synthesized composites were evaluated by the degradation of the single (RhB and MB) and mixed dye (RhB+MB) under sunlight irradiation. The results indicated that the Ag@Bi2S3 composite exhibits superior photocatalytic activity (98.38%) than that of individual Ag NPs and Bi2S3 NRs due to the synergistic effect of Ag and Bi2S3 nanophases in the Ag@Bi2S3 composite, which results in an effective charge separation, fast electron transfer from Ag to Bi2S3, and a low recombination of photo-induced electron-hole pairs. The Ag@Bi2S3 composite also has good recycling stability up to 5 cycles and its mechanism also investigated. The evaluation of reactive species during the photocatalytic reaction was also carried out. Further, the effects of Bi2S3 and Ag NPs on the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the resultant Ag@Bi2S3 composite were also systematically investigated.

中文翻译：

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BSA 介导的 Ag@Bi2S3 复合材料：混合染料的合成、表征、通过金属-半导体界面的光降解、抗菌和抗氧化活性

摘要 目前，采用绿色方法开发金属-金属硫化物界面半导体是光催化和生物应用的最佳材料。在这里，我们首次提供了一种环境友好的途径，通过简单的水热法通过金属-金属硫化物界面制备牛血清白蛋白（BSA）辅助的 Ag@Bi2S3 复合材料，用于评估光化学和生物应用。通过UV-vis DRS、PL、XRD、TEM和N2吸附-解吸等温线对合成的复合材料进行表征。UV-vis DRS 和 PL 光谱表明，与 Bi2S3 纳米棒（NRs）相比，所获得的纳米尺寸的 Ag@Bi2S3 复合材料显示出增强的可见光吸收和降低的荧光发射。通过在阳光照射下对单一染料（RhB 和 MB）和混合染料（RhB+MB）的降解来评估合成复合材料的光催化性能。结果表明，由于 Ag@Bi2S3 复合材料中 Ag 和 Bi2S3 纳米相的协同作用，Ag@Bi2S3 复合材料比单个 Ag NPs 和 Bi2S3 NRs 表现出优异的光催化活性（98.38%），从而实现有效的电荷分离，从 Ag 到 Bi2S3 的快速电子转移，以及光致电子-空穴对的低复合。Ag@Bi2S3 复合材料在长达 5 次循环后也具有良好的循环稳定性，并对其机理进行了研究。还进行了光催化反应过程中反应物种的评估。更多，