Leptin receptor (LEPR) gene play a pivotal role in the regulation of fat deposition and energy homeostasis. This study investigated the presence and frequency of polymorphisms of bovine LEPR gene and determine whether the polymorphisms are associated with the fat deposition in two Chinese beef cattle breeds. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions identified that the expression of LEPR gene was highest in the liver and subcutaneous fat. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified including g.24169C > T, g.24256T > A, g.24267 G > C and g.24413T > A. A greater backfat thickness was associated with the AA genotype of g.24256T > A compared to the TT genotype. A greater intramuscular fat content was associated with the GG genotype of g.24267 G > C compared to the CC genotype. Both g.24169C > T and g.24413T > A were not correlated with fat deposition. These results indicated that the SNP g.24256T > A and g.24267 G > C of LEPR gene may be useful markers for genetic improvement of fat deposition in Chinese beef cattle breeds.