Background

Influenza vaccination is a simple strategy recommended for the prevention of influenza infection and its complications. This meta-analysis aimed to provide current supportive evidence for the breadth and validity of the observed protective effects of influenza vaccination on cardiovascular and respiratory adverse outcomes and all-cause mortality in older adults and in general adult population.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to identify all published studies comparing influenza vaccination with placebo from the database inception to November 11, 2018. These included studies reporting the associations of influenza vaccination with the risk of aforementioned adverse outcomes.

Results

The pooled adjusted relative risks among influenza-vaccinated people relative to unvaccinated people for the outcomes of interest were 0.74 (95 % confidence interval [CI] = 0.70−0.78) for cardiovascular diseases (63 studies), 0.82 (95 % CI = 0.75−0.91) for respiratory diseases (29 studies), and 0.57 (95 % CI = 0.51−0.63) for all-cause mortality (43 studies). We performed subgroup analysis of age, sex, and region/country and found that these protective effects were evident in the general adult population and particularly robust in older adults and in those with pre-existing specific diseases.

Conclusion

Influenza vaccine is associated with a significant risk reduction of cardiovascular and respiratory adverse outcomes as well as all-cause mortality. Such a preventative measure can benefit the general population as well as those in old age and with pre-existing specific diseases.

中文翻译：

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流感疫苗接种对心血管和呼吸系统疾病风险及全因死亡率的影响。

背景

流感疫苗接种是建议用于预防流感感染及其并发症的简单策略。这项荟萃分析旨在为流感疫苗对老年人和普通成年人的心血管和呼吸系统不良反应以及全因死亡率的观察到的保护作用的广度和有效性提供最新的支持性证据。

方法

我们搜索了PubMed，Embase，Web of Science和Cochrane图书馆，从数据库开始到2018年11月11日，确定所有比较流感疫苗接种和安慰剂的已发表研究。这些研究包括报告流感疫苗接种与上述不良后果风险相关的研究。 。

结果

流感疫苗接种人群相对未接种疫苗人群相对于目标结果的调整后相对风险汇总为心血管疾病（63项研究）为0.74（95％置信区间[CI] = 0.70−0.78），0.82（95％CI = 0.75−）呼吸系统疾病（29项研究）为0.91，全因死亡率为0.57（95％CI = 0.51-0.63）（43项研究）。我们对年龄，性别和地区/国家进行了亚组分析，发现这些保护作用在普通成年人口中很明显，在老年人和已患有特定疾病的人中尤为明显。

结论

流感疫苗可显着降低心血管和呼吸系统不良后果以及全因死亡率。这样的预防措施可以使普通人群以及老年人和已有特定疾病的人受益。