Abstract

The formation of plants' storage organs, in particular the storage root, is an example of plants’ specialization in the accumulation of substances. Studying the genetic mechanisms for the development of the storage root is very relevant in connection with the economic importance of root crops. Nevertheless, the genetic control of storage root’s development is currently poorly studied. The major volume of dicotyledonous plants' storage root is usually occupied by highly parenchymatous secondary conducting tissues (phloem and/or xylem), which are formed as a result of proliferation of cambium cells and are specialized in the accumulation of nutrients. Currently, a number of regulators of cambium development have been identified. The WOX-CLAVATA system (including the CLE signal peptides, their receptors, and their targets: homeodomain-containing WOX transcription factors), as well as transcription factors of other families and phytohormones, control the activity of the cambium meristem. The review presents up-to-date data on the mechanisms of cambium activity’s regulation, differentiation of conductive tissues and nutrient storage, and data on conservative and specific regulators of the development of storage roots in the best studied root crops: radishes, turnips, beets, carrots, sweet potatoes, and cassava.

中文翻译：

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贮藏根发育的遗传控制

摘要

植物贮藏器官，特别是贮藏根的形成，是植物专门化物质积累的一个例子。研究根系发育的遗传机制与根系作物的经济重要性非常相关。然而，目前对储藏根发育的遗传控制研究很少。双子叶植物贮藏根的大部分通常被高度薄壁的次级导电组织（韧皮部和/或木质部）占据，这些组织是形成层细胞增殖的结果，并且专门用于养分的积累。当前，已经确定了许多形成层调节剂。WOX-CLAVATA系统（包括CLE信号肽，它们的受体和它们的靶标：含同源域的WOX转录因子）以及其他家族和植物激素的转录因子控制着分生组织的活性。该评论提供了有关形成层活动调节，导电组织分化和养分储存的机制的最新数据，以及有关研究最深入的根类作物中的储存根发育的保守和特定调节剂的数据：萝卜，萝卜，甜菜，胡萝卜，地瓜和木薯。