Prolonging the cycle life of silicon-based materials at large current is particularly meaningful for the achievement of advanced high-power lithium ion batteries. However, the sluggish kinetics induced by inferior electronic conductivity and structural stability in the process of repeated discharging/charging is the main obstacle for the achievement of high-performance Si-based materials. Herein we present interpenetrated silicon/carbon composite hollow spheres through an ultrafast microwave assisted synthesis method and subsequent magnesiothermic reduction process. Benefiting from the synergistic effects originating from the hollow nanostructure with interconnected porous shells and carbon permeation, the interpenetrated Si/C composite anode achieves high-rate and ultralong-life lithium-storage capability. The discharge capacity reaches up to 930.7 mA h g⁻¹ at 5.0 A g⁻¹ after 1550 cycles. More notably, especially at 10.0 A g⁻¹ after 2000 cycles, the Si/C composite still delivers a high reversible capacity of 522.2 mA h g⁻¹. Systematic analyses verify that the interpenetrated structure effectively accelerates the ion diffusion and charge-transfer kinetics. More remarkably, a prototype lithium-ion full cell comprising the Si/C composite anode is endowed with excellent properties. Our findings provide profound understanding of the kinetic relationship between the structure and performance, as well as inspiration for future design of nanoarchitecture electrodes for next-generation rechargeable batteries.

中文翻译：

---

硅/碳空心球阳极中互穿的隧道路径，以提高其锂存储量

延长大电流硅基材料的循环寿命对于实现高级大功率锂离子电池特别有意义。然而，在反复的放电/充电过程中，由于电子传导性和结构稳定性较差而引起的动力学缓慢是实现高性能硅基材料的主要障碍。本文中，我们通过超快微波辅助合成方法和随后的镁热还原过程，介绍了互穿的硅/碳复合空心球。受益于中空纳米结构具有相互连接的多孔壳和碳渗透的协同效应，这种互穿的Si / C复合阳极可实现高速率和超长寿命的锂存储能力。放电容量达到930。^-1 5.0 A G ^-1 1550次循环之后。更值得注意的是，特别是在2000次循环后在10.0 A g ^-1下，Si / C复合材料仍具有522.2 mA hg ^-1的高可逆容量。系统分析证明互穿结构有效地加速了离子扩散和电荷转移动力学。更显着地，具有Si / C复合阳极的原型锂离子全电池具有优异的性能。我们的发现为结构与性能之间的动力学关系提供了深刻的理解，并为下一代可充电电池纳米结构电极的未来设计提供了灵感。