We demonstrated single-shot high-numerical-aperture coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) with a diffraction-limited resolution using table-top x-ray laser at 13.9 nm. In order to achieve the diffraction-limited resolution, a nonlinear phase variation was introduced in a sample so that an asymmetric diffraction pattern with clear visibility could be extended to high spatial frequencies. From the diffraction signal, the sample image was successfully reconstructed with a resolution of 22 nm, which is close to the diffraction-limited resolution of 21 nm, using the phase retrieval procedure. The model calculation and simulations, performed to verify the experimental results, showed that the implementation of the nonlinear phase variation in the sample enhanced the resolution by a factor of about two, as compared to the case of a pure absorption sample. In addition, we examined the CDI with phase controllers introducing nonlinear phase variation illuminated by a table-top femtosecond Kr...

中文翻译：

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通过非线性相位变化实现衍射极限分辨率的单次台式相干x射线成像

我们演示了使用台式X射线激光在13.9 nm处具有有限衍射分辨率的单次高数值孔径相干衍射成像（CDI）。为了达到衍射极限分辨率，在样品中引入了非线性相位变化，因此具有清晰可见性的不对称衍射图样可以扩展到高空间频率。从衍射信号，使用相位检索程序成功地以22 nm的分辨率重建了样品图像，该分辨率接近21 nm的衍射极限分辨率。为验证实验结果而进行的模型计算和仿真表明，与纯吸收样品相比，样品中非线性相位变化的实现使分离度提高了约两倍。