The frequent usage of broad-spectrum insecticides like cypermethrin in agriculture activities could lead to the development of resistance in insects like Amsacta albistriga. The present study was conducted to understand the toxicity of cypermethrin with and without a combination of three enzyme inhibitors (PBO, DEM, and TPP) on A. albistriga using a topical bioassay. The in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to understand the effect of three enzyme inhibitors such as piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and diethyl maleate (DEM) and triphenyl phosphate along with six different concentration of cypermethrin on the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), esterase (EST), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and mixed-function oxidase (MFO) of A. albistriga. Bioassay shows elevated LC50 for cypermethrin (63.32 ppm) whereas in a combination of PBO cypermethrin LC50 values were reduced into 12.039 ppm followed by TPP combination as 13.234 ppm. In vitro and in vivo inhibition analysis shows AChE inhibition by PBO P < 0.01, esterase inhibition by PBO, and TPP were less; GST inhibition by DEM was observed at P < 0.001. Native PAGE results revealed that the in vitro AChE isoenzyme inhibition could be possible by PBO synergism with cypermethrin in A. albistriga. The overall results conclude that the PBO and TPP enzyme inhibitors could be fine synergist molecules when it mixed with cypermethrin insecticide to control and manage the insecticide-resistant Amsacta albistriga in the field.

中文翻译：

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氯氰菊酯和酶抑制剂增效剂对红毛毛虫 Amsacta albistriga (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) 的毒性

在农业活动中频繁使用氯氰菊酯等广谱杀虫剂可能导致 Amsacta albistriga 等昆虫产生抗药性。本研究旨在了解氯氰菊酯在使用和不使用三种酶抑制剂（PBO、DEM 和 TPP）组合的情况下，使用局部生物测定对 A. albistriga 的毒性。进行了体外和体内研究，以了解胡椒基丁醚 (PBO) 和马来酸二乙酯 (DEM) 和磷酸三苯酯等三种酶抑制剂以及六种不同浓度的氯氰菊酯对乙酰胆碱酯酶 (AChE)、酯酶活性的影响。 (EST)、谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶 (GST) 和 A. albistriga 的混合功能氧化酶 (MFO)。生物测定显示氯氰菊酯的 LC50 升高 (63. 32 ppm) 而在 PBO 氯氰菊酯的组合中，LC50 值降低到 12.039 ppm，然后是 TPP 组合为 13.234 ppm。体内外抑制分析表明PBO对AChE的抑制作用P<0.01，PBO对酯酶的抑制作用较小，TPP作用较小；在 P < 0.001 时观察到 DEM 对 GST 的抑制。天然 PAGE 结果表明，PBO 与氯氰菊酯在 A. albistriga 中的协同作用可能抑制体外 AChE 同工酶。总体结果表明，PBO 和 TPP 酶抑制剂与氯氰菊酯杀虫剂混合时可以成为优良的增效分子，以控制和管理田间抗杀虫剂的 Amsacta albistriga。PBO和TPP对酯酶的抑制作用较小；在 P < 0.001 时观察到 DEM 对 GST 的抑制。天然 PAGE 结果表明，PBO 与氯氰菊酯在 A. albistriga 中的协同作用可能抑制体外 AChE 同工酶。总体结果表明，PBO 和 TPP 酶抑制剂与氯氰菊酯杀虫剂混合时可以成为优良的增效分子，以控制和管理田间抗杀虫剂的 Amsacta albistriga。PBO和TPP对酯酶的抑制作用较小；在 P < 0.001 时观察到 DEM 对 GST 的抑制。天然 PAGE 结果表明，PBO 与氯氰菊酯在 A. albistriga 中的协同作用可能抑制体外 AChE 同工酶。总体结果表明，PBO 和 TPP 酶抑制剂与氯氰菊酯杀虫剂混合时可以成为优良的增效分子，以控制和管理田间抗杀虫剂的 Amsacta albistriga。