Species of the allocreadiid genus Creptotrema are parasites of freshwater fishes in the Americas. Species in the genus possess one pair of muscular oral lobes on the oral sucker. Currently, the genus contains eight species, six distributed in South America, one in Middle America and one in North America. Genetic data are only available for the North American species, Creptotrema funduli, a parasite of fundulids originally described from Oneida Lake, New York State. In this study, we obtained 28S ribosomal DNA sequences of trematodes morphologically similar to Creptotrema agonostomi from the mountain mullet, Dajaus monticola, across a wide geographical range in Middle America. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses showed that (1) the genus Creptotrema, as currently conceived, is not monophyletic; (2) the allocreadiids in mountain mullets should be re-allocated in the genus Pseudoparacreptotrema; and (3) the allocreadiid trematodes from D. monticola across Middle America represent four morphologically similar species, three of which can be distinguished genetically. These three new species are described herein using an integrative taxonomy approach. We contend that accurate estimates of species diversity and phylogenetic relationships among allocreadiids, and most likely other species of trematodes, necessarily require an integrative taxonomy approach that should consider at least DNA sequences and scanning electron microscopy.

中文翻译：

---

使用综合分类学方法解开淡水鱼吸虫属 Creptotrema (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) 的进化和生物地理历史：以中美洲山区鲻鱼的 Creptotrema agonostomi 为例

allocreadiid 属的物种隐翅目是美洲淡水鱼的寄生虫。该属的物种在口腔吸盘上有一对肌肉发达的口腔叶。目前，该属共有8种，其中6种分布于南美，1种分布于中美，1种分布于北美。遗传数据仅适用于北美物种，眼底螺旋体，一种最初描述于纽约州奥奈达湖的眼底寄生虫。在这项研究中，我们获得了吸虫的 28S 核糖体 DNA 序列，其形态类似于刺鼻锥虫来自鲻鱼，大枣，横跨中美洲广泛的地理范围。我们的分子系统发育分析表明（1）属隐翅目，正如目前所设想的那样，不是单系的；(2) 鲻鱼中的异体鲻属重新分配假性副螺旋体; (3) 异种吸虫D. 蒙蒂科拉整个中美洲代表四个形态相似的物种，其中三个可以在遗传上区分。本文使用综合分类学方法描述了这三个新物种。我们认为，准确估计异种动物和最有可能的其他吸虫物种之间的物种多样性和系统发育关系，必然需要一种综合分类方法，该方法至少应考虑 DNA 序列和扫描电子显微镜。