ABSTRACT

Water is the most abundant liquid on Earth, but only 2.5% of worldwide water are fresh. It is impossible to ignore the importance of water in almost every process on Earth, from the smallest bacteria life to the formation of the continents. Today, efforts for the desalination of seawater and brackish water are critical to produce drinking water. In recent years, a novel material: hydrogel, was considered in desalination processes. Interesting hydrogel applications were proposed for forward osmosis desalination, solar still, electrodialysis, and capacitive desalination. Simple and inexpensive desalination ways for drinking water production are needed. Hydrogel compounds are one of the leading options in such issue. The use of the hydrogel-based solar steam generator could produce drinkable water cheaper than other water desalination processes. The hydrogel classification is based on physical structure, ion charge, synthesis methods, particle size, chemical, and physical bonding, and mechanical properties. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent research progresses in the use of hydrogels for desalination and purified water production.

摘要

水是地球上最丰富的液体，但全世界只有 2.5% 的水是新鲜的。在地球上几乎每个过程中，从最小的细菌生命到大陆的形成，都不能忽视水的重要性。今天，海水和微咸水的淡化对于生产饮用水至关重要。近年来，一种新型材料：水凝胶被用于海水淡化过程。有趣的水凝胶应用被提议用于正向渗透海水淡化、太阳能蒸馏、电渗析和电容式海水淡化。需要用于饮用水生产的简单且廉价的淡化方法。水凝胶化合物是此类问题的主要选择之一。使用基于水凝胶的太阳能蒸汽发生器可以生产比其他海水淡化过程更便宜的饮用水。水凝胶分类基于物理结构、离子电荷、合成方法、粒径、化学和物理结合以及机械性能。因此，本综述总结了水凝胶用于海水淡化和纯净水生产的最新研究进展。