Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) populations in North America were once estimated at nearly 30 million. However, unrestricted harvest of pronghorn was one of the major factors that led to 25,000 individuals by 1924. Through rigorous management, pronghorn populations rebounded to an estimated 1 million individuals by 1984. Within Texas, USA, by the late 1980s, the pronghorn population had recovered to a new estimated historic high of 17,226 individuals through restoration efforts. However, by 2010, the Texas Trans‐Pecos population declined to approximately 4,700 individuals, and declined even further to only 2,751 in 2012. A main contribution to successful recovery has been large‐scale translocations. Since the early 1920s, >30,000 pronghorn have been translocated in 17 states. As one large restoration project in Texas, translocation of pronghorn from the Texas Panhandle to Marfa and Marathon grasslands in the Trans‐Pecos region occurred in January–February 2011, 2013, 2014, 2016, and 2017. However, within the available literature on pronghorn translocations, it was difficult to find a scientific paper that provides sufficient detail to guide the translocation process. Our intent is to summarize the effective methodology behind 5 years of pronghorn translocations, inform others to make evidence‐based recommendations and justifiable‐decisions when selecting translocation methodology, and provide insight regarding design and application of our translocation methodology. Based on our translocation experience, we recommend using halperidol as a sedative given to pronghorn at the site of capture and keeping handling times to ≤4 minutes as well as maintaining pronghorn body temperatures below 40° C during processing. Flunixin meglumine should be used when body temperatures exceed 40° C. In addition, we also recommend utilizing larger, more spacious livestock trailers to transport captured pronghorn versus transport boxes or smaller, more enclosed trailers. We also recommend releasing a minimum of 50–100 individuals/release site to minimize stress from group separation and improve long‐term population sustainability. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.

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有效的叉角羚易位方法：长期总结

叉角羚（Antilocapra americana）北美的人口曾经估计为近3,000万。但是，叉角羚的无限制收获是导致1924年25,000头个体的主要因素之一。通过严格的管理，叉角羚的种群数量到1984年回升至估计的100万。在美国德克萨斯州，到1980年代后期，叉角羚的种群数量通过恢复工作，恢复到了历史最高的17226人的历史新高。但是，到2010年，得克萨斯州Trans-Pecos人口减少到约4,700，2012年进一步下降到只有2,751。成功恢复的主要贡献是大规模的人口迁移。自1920年代初以来，已有30,000多头叉角羚在17个州转移。作为德克萨斯州的一项大型修复项目，叉角羚从德克萨斯州Panhandle到Trans-Pecos地区的Marfa和Marathon草原的移位发生在2011年1月至2月，2013年，2014年，2016年和2017年。但是，在有关叉角羚移位的现有文献中，很难找到提供足够详细信息以指导易位过程的科学论文。我们的目的是总结5年叉角牛易位的有效方法，告知其他人在选择易位方法时提出循证的建议和合理的决定，并就我们的易位方法的设计和应用提供见解。根据我们的易位经验，我们建议在捕获部位使用氟哌啶醇作为叉角羚的镇静剂，并保持处理时间≤4分钟，并在加工过程中将叉角羚的体温保持在40°C以下。当体温超过40°C时，应使用Flunixin葡甲胺。此外，我们还建议利用更大，更宽敞的牲畜拖车来运输捕获的叉角羚而不是运输箱或更小，更封闭的拖车。我们还建议每个发布站点至少释放50-100个人，以最大程度地减少群体分离带来的压力并提高长期种群的可持续性。©2020野生动物协会。与运输箱或更小，更封闭的拖车相比，更宽敞的牲畜拖车可以运输捕获的叉角羚。我们还建议每个发布站点至少释放50-100个人，以最大程度地减少群体分离带来的压力并提高长期种群的可持续性。©2020野生动物协会。与运输箱或更小，更封闭的拖车相比，更宽敞的牲畜拖车可以运输捕获的叉角羚。我们还建议每个发布站点至少释放50-100个人，以最大程度地减少群体分离带来的压力并提高长期种群的可持续性。©2020野生动物协会。