Abstract In this study, the toxicity and antinociceptive effects of the ethanolic extract of Croton blanchetianus leaves were investigated in mice. Phytochemical analysis was performed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high–performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed the presence of alkaloids, reducing sugars, cinnamic derivatives, flavonoids, saponins, condensed tannins, terpenes, and steroids. Acute toxicity was evaluated by administration of a single dose of 2000 or 5000 mg/kg b.w. (per os or i.p.). The extract (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg per os) was evaluated for genotoxicity through micronucleus and comet assays, and antinociceptive effects using different tests. No death was observed but increased serum levels of hepatic and renal markers, hematological changes, and histological alterations in the lung and kidney were observed exclusively with intraperitoneal administration. Oral administration did not result in genotoxicity in bone marrow or peripheral blood cells. The extract reduced the number of abdominal writhings by 47.16–88.81%, increased the latency time (up to 2.13 times) in the tail–immersion test, and decreased the paw licking time by as much as 74.07% and 97.76% in the first and second phases of the formalin test, respectively. This work contributes to the determination of safety and pharmacological potential for C. blanchetianus leaves.

中文翻译：

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巴豆（大戟科）叶乙醇提取物的毒性评估和镇痛活性

摘要 在这项研究中，研究了巴豆叶乙醇提取物对小鼠的毒性和镇痛作用。通过薄层色谱 (TLC) 和高效液相色谱 (HPLC) 进行的植物化学分析显示存在生物碱、还原糖、肉桂衍生物、黄酮类化合物、皂苷、缩合单宁、萜烯和类固醇。通过单次给药 2000 或 5000 毫克/千克体重（经口或腹腔注射）来评估急性毒性。通过微核和彗星试验评估了提取物（50、100 和 200 mg/kg per os）的遗传毒性，并使用不同的测试评估了镇痛作用。未观察到死亡，但肝脏和肾脏标志物的血清水平升高，血液学变化，仅通过腹腔给药观察到肺和肾的组织学改变。口服给药不会导致骨髓或外周血细胞的遗传毒性。提取物使腹部扭动次数减少了 47.16-88.81%，在浸尾试验中增加了潜伏时间（高达 2.13 倍），在第一次和第一次和 97.76% 中减少了 74.07% 和 97.76% 的舔爪时间。福尔马林测试的第二阶段，分别。这项工作有助于确定 C. blanchtianus 叶子的安全性和药理潜力。13 次），在福尔马林试验的第一阶段和第二阶段，舔爪时间分别减少了 74.07% 和 97.76%。这项工作有助于确定 C. blanchtianus 叶子的安全性和药理潜力。13 次），在福尔马林试验的第一阶段和第二阶段，舔爪时间分别减少了 74.07% 和 97.76%。这项工作有助于确定 C. blanchtianus 叶子的安全性和药理潜力。