Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate molecular and phytochemical changes in four landraces of Rosa damascena with different in color and floral developmental stages. Data showed the highest amount of anthocyanin content in stage B, while it was reduced at stage C during flower development in all landraces. Interestingly, increasing in cellular pH was occurred gradually in all landraces during flower development. Based on essential oil analysis, 2-Phenylethanol was detected in all landraces, except for Lavasanat. Molecular expression pattern of RhPAR gene showed high expression rate in all landraces at stage B with 6 time more than its control, except for Lavasanat. Similarly, the change in the expression rate was occurred in RhMYB1 and the transcript level of RhANS was significantly higher in Kamoo and Minab in compared to Ghalhar, which is consistent with the anthocyanin content. Increasing the RhPAR relative expression could be implied to promoting effect of RhMYB1 which resulted in enhancing the 2-PE component production in the petals of Rosa damascena and expression of RhANS, as a key gene in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.

中文翻译：

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RhPAR、RhMYB1和RhANS基因在大马士革蔷薇气味和颜色产生中的分子特征和表达模式

摘要 本研究旨在评估大马士革玫瑰（Rosa damascena）四种不同颜色和花发育阶段的地方品种的分子和植物化学变化。数据显示，在所有地方品种的花发育过程中，B 阶段的花青素含量最高，而 C 阶段的花青素含量降低。有趣的是，在花发育过程中，所有地方品种的细胞 pH 值逐渐升高。根据精油分析，除 Lavasanat 外，所有地方品种均检测到 2-苯乙醇。RhPAR基因的分子表达模式在B期所有地方品种中均表现出较高的表达率，比对照高6倍，除Lavasanat外。同样，与 Ghalhar 相比，RhMYB1 中的表达率发生了变化，并且 Kamoo 和 Minab 中 RhANS 的转录水平显着更高，这与花青素含量一致。RhPAR 相对表达的增加可能暗示着 RhMYB1 的促进作用，导致大马士革蔷薇花瓣中 2-PE 成分的产生和 RhANS 的表达增加，RhANS 作为花青素生物合成途径中的关键基因。