Abstract A hybrid rocket nozzle is made up of several different functional components using different materials. The joint properties of these different parts are critical to ensure the service reliability and robustness of the nozzle structure. In this paper, three kinds of anti-ablation materials were selected, bonded together, then tested to assess their joint bonding capability in a hybrid rocket motor. Boron containing phenol-formaldehyde with 40 wt% SiC powder was used as adhesive on fine woven punctured felt preform carbon/ceramic composite (punctured ceramic), needled carbon cloth/felt layers preform carbon/ceramic composite (needled ceramic), and tungsten-copper alloy (W–Cu alloy). Thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests were conducted to characterize the high temperature performance of the adhesive. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscope images of the hybrid joints were used to find the failure mechanisms and failure propagations. The cohesion failure mode applied to all test specimens indicated that failure occurred in the adhesives, while the mechanical test of these hybrid joints showed that the needled ceramic/W–Cu alloy has the highest shear strength of 13.79 MPa. The demo firing test was used to demonstrate the joints behavior in a real environment. The results showed that the adhesive gap was strong enough to withstand the shear stress caused by combustion flow, and was capable of bearing 200 s of burning ablations.

中文翻译：

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用于混合火箭喷嘴的先进碳/陶瓷复合材料和钨铜合金的粘接接头性能

摘要 混合火箭喷管由使用不同材料的多种不同功能部件组成。这些不同部件的接合特性对于确保喷嘴结构的使用可靠性和坚固性至关重要。本文选择了三种抗烧蚀材料，将它们粘合在一起，然后进行了测试，以评估它们在混合火箭发动机中的接合粘合能力。将含硼苯酚甲醛和 40 wt% SiC 粉末用作细编织穿孔毡预制件碳/陶瓷复合材料（穿孔陶瓷）、针刺碳布/毡层预制碳/陶瓷复合材料（针刺陶瓷）和钨铜的粘合剂合金（W-Cu 合金）。进行热重 (TG) 和差示扫描量热法 (DSC) 测试以表征粘合剂的高温性能。混合接头的扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和光学显微镜图像用于发现失效机制和失效传播。应用于所有试样的内聚破坏模式表明粘合剂发生了破坏，而这些混合接头的机械试验表明针刺陶瓷/W-Cu 合金的最高剪切强度为 13.79 MPa。演示点火测试用于演示真实环境中的关节行为。结果表明，粘合剂间隙足以承受燃烧流引起的剪切应力，并且能够承受200 s的燃烧烧蚀。应用于所有试样的内聚破坏模式表明粘合剂发生了破坏，而这些混合接头的机械测试表明针刺陶瓷/W-Cu 合金的最高剪切强度为 13.79 MPa。演示点火测试用于演示真实环境中的关节行为。结果表明，粘合剂间隙足以承受燃烧流引起的剪切应力，并且能够承受200 s的燃烧烧蚀。应用于所有试样的内聚破坏模式表明粘合剂发生了破坏，而这些混合接头的机械试验表明针刺陶瓷/W-Cu 合金的最高剪切强度为 13.79 MPa。演示点火测试用于演示真实环境中的关节行为。结果表明，粘合剂间隙足以承受燃烧流引起的剪切应力，并且能够承受200 s的燃烧烧蚀。