Abstract Previous studies on faulting were performed on horizontal grounds, which were hypothesized implicitly. As an increasing number of infrastructures are being built on topographically complex sites such as mountainous areas, investigations into fault rupture propagation through soil with an inclined surface have become significant. In this study, a series of 1 g physical model tests of reverse faulting with inclined ground surfaces were performed. The effects of ground inclination on the geometry of fault ruptures, displacement at the ground surface, and deformation of the sand layer were investigated. Three classical soil mechanics theories, namely, the Rankine, Roscoe, and Vermeer theories, were used to predict the directions of fault ruptures in sand with inclined ground surfaces. The predicted values were compared with the measured values obtained from the model tests. Based on the experimental results, a configuration of the setback limits for structures on an inclined ground is recommended to prevent destruction by fault ruptures.

中文翻译：

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地表倾斜砂岩逆向断层破裂传播研究

摘要 以前的断层研究是在水平地面上进行的，这是隐含的假设。随着越来越多的基础设施建设在山区等地形复杂的地点，对断层破裂通过倾斜表面土壤传播的研究变得非常重要。在这项研究中，进行了一系列具有倾斜地表的反向断层的 1 g 物理模型测试。研究了地面倾角对断层破裂几何形状、地表位移和砂层变形的影响。利用Rankine、Roscoe和Vermeer理论三种经典土力学理论预测倾斜地表砂岩断层破裂方向。将预测值与从模型试验中获得的测量值进行比较。根据实验结果，建议对倾斜地面上的结构设置后退限制，以防止断层破裂造成的破坏。