Modern RNA sequencing methods have greatly increased our understanding of the molecular fingerprint of neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes throughout the central nervous system (CNS). Technical approaches with greater sensitivity and throughput have uncovered new connections between gene expression, cell biology, and ultimately CNS function. In recent years, single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) has made a large impact on the neurosciences by enhancing the resolution of types of cells that make up the CNS and shedding light on their developmental trajectories and how their diversity is modified across species. Here we will review the advantages, innovations, and challenges of the single cell genomics era and highlight how it has impacted our understanding of neurodevelopment and neurological function.

现代 RNA 测序方法大大增加了我们对整个中枢神经系统 (CNS) 神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞分子指纹的理解。具有更高灵敏度和通量的技术方法揭示了基因表达、细胞生物学和最终 CNS 功能之间的新联系。近年来，单细胞 RNA 测序 (scRNA-seq) 提高了构成中枢神经系统的细胞类型的分辨率，揭示了它们的发育轨迹以及它们的多样性如何在物种间变化，从而对神经科学产生了巨大影响。 . 在这里，我们将回顾单细胞基因组学时代的优势、创新和挑战，并强调它如何影响我们对神经发育和神经功能的理解。