Abstract Physical mechanisms of ductile damage in metal forming, experimental characterization methods for damage, and models predicting the damage level in formed components are reviewed. Applications of damage analysis in metal forming processes reveal that damage in metal formed parts is not failure, but a product property that accumulates between processes. Various metal forming process designs demonstrate that damage in formed products can be reduced and their performance can be increased. Static and fatigue strength, impact toughness, stiffness, and formability are typical examples of performance indicators that can be improved by damage-based process design. Potential scientific and technological challenges are addressed to realize damage-controlled metal forming processes.

中文翻译：

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金属成型中的损坏

摘要 综述了金属成形中延性损伤的物理机制、损伤的实验表征方法以及成形部件损伤程度的预测模型。损伤分析在金属成形过程中的应用表明，金属成形零件的损伤不是失效，而是在过程之间累积的产品特性。各种金属成型工艺设计表明，可以减少成型产品的损坏并提高其性能。静态和疲劳强度、冲击韧性、刚度和可成形性是可以通过基于损伤的工艺设计来改进的性能指标的典型例子。解决了潜在的科学和技术挑战，以实现损伤控制的金属成型工艺。