Abstract

During five rotations of a ten-field crop rotation in a stationary field experiment, the influence of annual application of fertilizers on productivity and quality of sunflower seeds (Helianthus annuus L.) was studied. The dynamics of the nutrient regime in the soil layers of 0–25 and 25–40 cm during the vegetation period was studied. It is shown that the optimal dose of fertilizers for the sunflower should be considered N₆₀P₆₀K₆₀, which provides an increase in yield by 0.4–0.7 t/ha, while the oil collection increases by 25% compared to the background without fertilizers (0.8 t/ha). Economic takeaway from the biological, taking into account the root system on a natural background, was 50% nitrogen, 54% phosphorus, and 12% potassium and was almost the same against the background of N₆₀P₆₀K₆₀: 48, 51, and 9%, respectively. The change in the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the complete fertilizer did not affect the oil collection. Separate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers was inefficient. The conclusion was made that increasing the dose of fertilizers is not economically feasible.

中文翻译：

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肥料长期试验中浸出黑锥虫的向日葵生产力

摘要

在固定田间试验中，在十田作物轮作的五次旋转中，研究了年度施肥对向日葵种子（Helianthus annuus L.）生产力和品质的影响。研究了植被期0–25和25–40 cm土层中养分状况的动态。结果表明，向日葵的最佳肥料剂量应考虑为N ₆₀ P ₆₀ K ₆₀，与没有肥料的背景（0.8吨/公顷）相比，产量提高了0.4-0.7吨/公顷，而采油量增加了25％。考虑到自然背景下的根系，从生物学上获得的经济收益是50％的氮，54％的磷和12％的钾，在N ₆₀ P ₆₀ K ₆₀的背景下几乎相同：48、51，和9％。完全肥料中氮，磷和钾的比例变化不会影响油的收集。磷钾肥分开施用效率低下。结论是增加肥料的剂量在经济上是不可行的。