Abstract

Associations of weed populations in crop rotations of the agrophytocoenosis of spring wheat have been assessed for two different land treatment techniques (ploughing or notill) and two mineral nutrition backgrounds. The purpose of the study was to reveal differences in weed successions of the studied agrophytocoenosis in the northern forest-steppe zone of Chelyabinsk oblast in relation to the species composition as well as the magnitude and specific weight of weed populations. The influence of the basic characteristics of weed populations on the biomass of spring wheat has also been determined. Successions of weed populations varied depending on the crop rotation and mineral nutrition background; the species composition of such populations changed from a mixed to a short-lived type. In terms of wheat resistance to short-lived weeds, the best predecessors for spring wheat were pea, winter rye, and fallow. Annual grasses, oat, and pea had low competitive abilities that affected both the magnitude and the biomass of associations of short-lived weed populations. A large biomass of spring wheat, which was less affected by populations of perennial weeds, was observed in the variants with fallow or pea as predecessors. A mineral nutrition background did not significantly influence the fraction of weed populations. Notill technology caused a succession of weed populations in the studied agrophytocoenosis. Irrespective of the land treatment technology used and the mineral nutrition background, cultivation of spring wheat as a monoculture provided a weed succession with a lower number of populations. An increased anthropogenic impact on phytocoenoses (application of new chemical preparations), as well as the use of modern agricultural machinery, resulted in successions of the plant species and their number; therefore, there is a need to control and forecast these processes [1]. Such studies are necessary to develop efficient measures to control associations of weed populations and their development in spring wheat agrophytocoenosis.

中文翻译：

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杂草植物与春小麦农杆菌结合的关系

摘要

对于两种不同的土地处理技术（耕作或耕作）和两种矿物质营养背景，已经评估了春小麦农艺性病的作物轮作中杂草种群的关联。这项研究的目的是揭示车里雅宾斯克州北部森林草原地区所研究的农业植物群落的杂草演替与物种组成以及杂草种群的数量和比重之间的差异。还确定了杂草种群的基本特征对春小麦生物量的影响。杂草种群的演替因作物轮作和矿物质营养背景而异。这些种群的物种组成从混合型转变为短命型。就小麦对短命杂草的抵抗力而言，春季小麦最好的前身是豌豆，冬黑麦和休闲草。一年生草，燕麦和豌豆的竞争能力很低，影响了短命杂草种群的数量和生物量。在以休闲或豌豆为前代的变种中观察到大量春小麦生物量，较少受多年生杂草种群的影响。矿物质营养的背景并没有显着影响杂草种群的比例。Notill技术在研究的农作物藻类病中引起了一系列杂草种群。不管使用的土地处理技术和矿物质营养的背景如何，作为单一栽培的春小麦栽培都能使杂草演替的种群减少。人为因素对植物毒素的影响（新化学制剂的应用）以及现代农业机械的使用，导致了植物种类及其数量的继承；因此，需要控制和预测这些过程[1]。这些研究对于开发有效的措施来控制杂草种群的关联及其在春季小麦农业植物群落中的发育是必要的。