We investigated the changes in shoot growth and spring phenology of Pinus koraiensis seedlings under climate change. In 2016, 2-year-old seedlings were planted and treated with increased temperature and decreased precipitation. Temperature was elevated by 3 °C using infrared heaters and V-shaped panels covered 30% of plot area to block precipitation. Occurrence of summer shoots was measured in October 2017 and 2018. Spring phenology was observed in 2018 and 2019. Occurrence rate of summer shoots under increased temperature rose by 37.8% in 2018 but dropped by 14.3% in 2019 compared to the control. Occurrence rate of summer shoots was positively and negatively correlated with summer temperature in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Spring phenology advanced by 8.8 days under increased temperature in 2018 and 2019. The number of chilling days (daily mean temperature < 0 °C) decreased by 44.1% and growing-degree days in spring with a 0 °C base temperature increased by 15.6% under increased temperature in both years. Budburst date under increased temperature advanced with rapid and early warm temperature accumulation. Summer shoot development might not affect timing of growth cessation or spring phenology in the following year. Decreased precipitation treatment did not influence the summer shoots or spring phenology.

我们调查了红松的苗期生长和春季物候变化。气候变化下的幼苗。2016年，种植了2岁的幼苗，并进行了高温处理和降水减少。使用红外加热器将温度提高3°C，V型面板覆盖了30％的样地面积以阻止降水。在2017年10月和2018年测量了夏季芽的发生。在2018年和2019年观察到春季物候。在高温下，夏季芽的发生率在2018年上升了37.8％，但是在2019年相比于对照下降了14.3％。夏季芽的发生率分别与2017年和2018年的夏季温度成正相关和负相关。在2018年和2019年，气温升高，春季物候增加了8.8天。寒冷天数（每天平均温度<0°C）减少了44天。在这两年中，在温度升高的情况下，0°C基本温度的春季的生长天数为1％，增长了15.6％。高温下的芽期随着早期和较早的温暖温度积累而提前。夏季芽的发育可能不会影响第二年停止生长或春季物候的时间。降水量减少不会影响夏芽或春季物候。