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Geomicrobial dynamics of Trans-Himalayan sulfur–borax spring system reveals mesophilic bacteria’s resilience to high heat
Journal of Earth System Science ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-15 , DOI: 10.1007/s12040-020-01423-y
Chayan Roy , Nibendu Mondal , Aditya Peketi , Svetlana Fernandes , Tarunendu Mapder , Samida Prabhakar Volvoikar , Prabir Kumar Haldar , Nilanjana Nandi , Tannisha Bhattacharya , Aninda Mazumdar , Ranadhir Chakraborty , Wriddhiman Ghosh

Geomicrobiology of sulfur–boron-dominated, neutral-pH hydrothermal systems was revealed in a Trans-Himalayan spring named Lotus Pond, located at 4436 m, in Puga Valley, Ladakh (India), where water boils at 85°C. Water sampled along Lotus Pond’s outflow (vent to an adjacent river called Rulang), representing an 85–14°C gradient, had high microbial diversity and boron/chloride/sodium/sulfate/thiosulfate concentration; potassium/silicon/sulfide/sulfite was moderately abundant, whereas cesium/lithium small but definite. Majority of the bacterial genera identified in the 85–72°C samples have no laboratory-growth reported at >45°C, and some of those mesophiles were culturable. Sulfur-species concentration and isotope-ratio along the hydrothermal gradient, together with the distribution of genera having sulfur-oxidizing members, indicated chemolithotrophic activities in the 85–72°C sites. While biodiversity increased in the vent-to-river trajectory all-day, maximum rise was invariably between the vent (85–81°C) and the 78–72°C site; below 72°C, diversity increased gradually. Biodiversity of the vent-water exhibited diurnal fluxes relatable to the sub-surface-processes-driven temporal fluxes in physicochemical properties of the discharge. Snow-melts infiltrating (via tectonic faults) the ~160°C geothermal reservoir located within the breccia, at ~450 m depth, apparently transport mesophilic microbes into the thermal waters. As these micro-organisms emanate with the vent-water, some remain alive, illustrating that natural bacterial populations are more heat-resilient than their laboratory counterparts.

中文翻译:

反喜马拉雅硫-硼砂弹簧系统的微生物动力学揭示了嗜温细菌对高温的抵抗力

硫-硼为主的中性pH热液系统的地球微生物学在位于印度拉达克普加谷地4436 m的名为荷花池的跨喜马拉雅山泉水中揭示,水在85°C时沸腾。沿荷花池流出水(通向相邻的汝Ru河)的采样水代表85–14°C的梯度,其微生物多样性高,且硼/氯化物/硫酸钠/硫酸钠/硫代硫酸盐的浓度较高。钾/硅/硫化物/亚硫酸盐适度丰富,而铯/锂小但确实。在85-72°C的样品中鉴定出的大多数细菌属在> 45°C时没有实验室生长的报道,其中一些嗜温菌是可培养的。沿着水热梯度的硫物种浓度和同位素比,以及具有硫氧化成员的属的分布,表明在85–72°C的位点有化石营养活动。尽管生物多样性在通风口至河流的轨迹中全天都在增加,但最大的升高始终是在通风口(85–81°C)和78–72°C的站点之间。低于72°C,多样性逐渐增加。排放水的生物多样性在排放物的理化特性方面表现出与地下过程驱动的时间通量有关的昼夜通量。雪融化(通过构造断层)渗入角砾岩内约160°C的地热库中,深度约450 m,显然将中温微生物运送到热水中。随着这些微生物与排出水一起散发,一些微生物仍然活着,这说明天然细菌种群比实验室细菌具有更高的耐热性。尽管生物多样性在通风口至河流的轨迹中全天都在增加,但最大的升高始终是在通风口(85–81°C)和78–72°C的站点之间。低于72°C,多样性逐渐增加。排出水的生物多样性在排放物的理化特性方面表现出与地下过程驱动的时间通量有关的昼夜通量。雪融化(通过构造断层)渗透到角砾岩内约160°C的地热库中,深度约450m,显然将中温微生物运入了热水中。随着这些微生物与排出水一起散发,一些微生物仍然活着,这说明天然细菌种群比实验室细菌具有更高的耐热性。尽管生物多样性在通风口至河流的轨迹中全天都在增加,但最大的升高始终是在通风口(85–81°C)和78–72°C的站点之间。低于72°C,多样性逐渐增加。排出水的生物多样性在排放物的理化特性方面表现出与地下过程驱动的时间通量有关的昼夜通量。雪融化(通过构造断层)渗入角砾岩内约160°C的地热库中,深度约450 m,显然将中温微生物运送到热水中。随着这些微生物与排出水一起散发,一些微生物仍然活着,这说明天然细菌种群比实验室细菌具有更高的耐热性。多样性逐渐增加。排出水的生物多样性在排放物的理化特性方面表现出与地下过程驱动的时间通量有关的昼夜通量。雪融化(通过构造断层)渗入角砾岩内约160°C的地热库中,深度约450 m,显然将中温微生物运送到热水中。随着这些微生物与排出水一起散发,一些微生物仍然活着,这说明天然细菌种群比实验室细菌具有更高的耐热性。多样性逐渐增加。排放水的生物多样性在排放物的理化特性方面表现出与地下过程驱动的时间通量有关的昼夜通量。雪融化(通过构造断层)渗入角砾岩内约160°C的地热库中,深度约450 m,显然将中温微生物运送到热水中。随着这些微生物与排出水一起散发,一些微生物仍然活着,这说明天然细菌种群比实验室细菌具有更高的耐热性。在约450 m的深度,显然将中温微生物转移到热水中。随着这些微生物与排出水一起散发,一些微生物仍然活着,这说明天然细菌种群比实验室细菌具有更高的耐热性。在约450 m的深度,显然将中温微生物转移到热水中。随着这些微生物与排出水一起散发,一些微生物仍然活着,这说明天然细菌种群比实验室细菌具有更高的耐热性。
更新日期:2020-07-15
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