The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is currently concluding its 2-year primary science mission searching 85% of the sky for transiting exoplanets. TESS has already discovered well over one thousand TESS objects of interest (TOIs), but these candidate exoplanets must be distinguished from astrophysical false positives using other instruments or techniques. The 3-band Multi-color Simultaneous Camera for Studying Atmospheres of Transiting Planets (MuSCAT), as well as the 4-band MuSCAT2, can be used to validate TESS discoveries. Transits of exoplanets are achromatic when observed in multiple bandpasses, while transit depths for false positives often vary with wavelength. We created software tools to simulate MuSCAT/MuSCAT2 TESS follow-up observations and reveal which planet candidates can be efficiently distinguished from blended eclipsing binary (BEB) false positives using these two instruments, and which must be validated using other techniques. We applied our software code to the Barclay et al. (2018) predicted TESS discoveries, as well as to TOIs downloaded from the ExoFOP-TESS website. We estimate that MuSCAT (MuSCAT2 values in parentheses) will be able to use its multi-color capabilities to distinguish BEB false positives for $\sim$17% ($\sim$18%) of all TESS discoveries, and $\sim$13% ($\sim$15%) of $R_{\rm pl} < 4R_\oplus$ discoveries. Our TOI analysis shows that MuSCAT (MuSCAT2) can distinguish BEB false positives for $\sim$55% ($\sim$52%) of TOIs with transit depths greater than 0.001, for $\sim$64% ($\sim$61%) of TOIs with transit depths greater than 0.002, and for $\sim$70% ($\sim$68%) of TOIs with transit depth greater than 0.003. Our work shows that MuSCAT and MuSCAT2 can validate hundreds of $R_{\rm pl} < 4R_\oplus$ candidate exoplanets, thus supporting the TESS mission in achieving its Level 1 Science Requirement.

中文翻译：

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模拟预测多色同步光度法区分 TESS 候选系外行星和假阳性的能力

凌日系外行星勘测卫星 (TESS) 目前正在结束其为期 2 年的主要科学任务，在 85% 的天空中寻找凌日系外行星。TESS 已经发现了超过一千个 TESS 感兴趣对象 (TOI)，但必须使用其他仪器或技术将这些候选系外行星与天体物理误报区分开来。用于研究凌日行星大气的 3 波段多色同步相机 (MuSCAT) 以及 4 波段 MuSCAT2 可用于验证 TESS 的发现。当在多个带通中观察时，系外行星的凌日是消色差的，而假阳性的凌日深度通常随波长而变化。我们创建了软件工具来模拟 MuSCAT/MuSCAT2 TESS 后续观测，并揭示使用这两种仪器可以有效地区分哪些行星候选者与混合食双星 (BEB) 误报，哪些必须使用其他技术进行验证。我们将我们的软件代码应用于 Barclay 等人。(2018) 预测了 TESS 的发现，以及从 ExoFOP-TESS 网站下载的 TOI。我们估计 MuSCAT（括号中的 MuSCAT2 值）将能够使用其多色功能来区分所有 TESS 发现的 $\sim$17%（$\sim$18%）和 $\sim$13%（ $\sim$15%) 的 $R_{\rm pl} < 4R_\oplus$ 发现。我们的 TOI 分析表明，MuSCAT (MuSCAT2) 可以区分过境深度大于 0.001 的 TOI $\sim$55% ($\sim$52%) 的 BEB 误报，对于过境深度大于 0.002 的 $\sim$64% ($\sim$61%) 的 TOI，以及过境深度大于 0.003 的 $\sim$70% ($\sim$68%) 的 TOI。我们的工作表明 MuSCAT 和 MuSCAT2 可以验证数百个 $R_{\rm pl} < 4R_\oplus$ 候选系外行星，从而支持 TESS 任务实现其 1 级科学要求。