Rolling contact fatigue (RCF) damage to rails and low adhesion at the rail–wheel interface remain significant problems in maintaining railway performance, fully utilising network capacity and reducing running costs. A novel approach has been developed to understand these problems through analysis of data on RCF and low-adhesion incidents from the UK rail network. This augments understanding of specific mechanisms such as the roles of rail plasticity in crack initiation and environmental moisture levels in low adhesion, which have not given sufficient information to prevent these problems to date. A moving-window filtering technique and temporal and geospatial approaches were used to identify correlations between sites of low rail–wheel adhesion subject to transient sliding contact, crack initiation and underbridge locations where vertical and lateral track stiffness typically change rapidly. The analysis showed that a high density of otherwise unexpected RCF defects occurred close to underbridges and that there was a strong correlation between momentary slides during braking and RCF sites. The temporal analysis indicated that, although concentrated in the autumn period, 55–60% of transient low-adhesion incidents occur outside that period, with the highest risk in the very early morning.

中文翻译：

---

结合铁路低附着力和铁路缺陷数据的地理空间和时间数据挖掘

滚动接触疲劳（RCF）对铁轨的损坏以及在铁轮界面处的低附着力仍然是维持铁路性能，充分利用网络容量并降低运营成本的重大问题。已经开发出一种新颖的方法来通过分析RCF数据和来自英国铁路网络的低粘附性事件来理解这些问题。这加深了对特定机制的理解，例如轨道可塑性在裂纹萌生中的作用和低附着力下的环境水分含量，迄今为止尚未提供足够的信息来预防这些问题。运用移动窗口滤波技术和时空地理方法来识别在瞬态滑动接触下低轮车轮附着力的位置之间的相关性，垂直和横向轨道刚度通常会快速变化的裂纹萌生和桥下位置。分析表明，高密度的未预料到的RCF缺陷发生在桥下附近，并且在制动过程中的瞬时滑动与RCF位置之间存在很强的相关性。时间分析表明，尽管集中在秋季，但55-60％的短暂低粘连事件发生在该时期之外，风险最高的是清晨。