A large interdisciplinary consortium of engineers, social scientists and policy analysts has developed three low-emissions, more-electric transition pathways for the UK. The approach is based on earlier work on understanding transitions, applying a multi-level perspective with landscape, regime and niche levels to the development of socio-technical scenarios. The pathways to 2050 focus on the power sector, including the potential for increasing the use of low-emissions electricity for heating and transport. Part 1 described studies of historical energy and infrastructure transitions that help to understand the dynamics and timing of past transitions. The role of large-scale and small-scale actors in the electricity sector and methods used to develop the pathways were also described. In part 2, associated technologies are evaluated to determine the choices that need to be made by UK energy policymakers and stakeholders. All three pathways are appraised in terms of their environmental performance using complementary life-cycle assessment and footprinting methods. Lessons can clearly be drawn for other industrialised nations attempting to reduce the emissions of their electricity generation systems, although local circumstances will determine country- and region-specific options.

中文翻译：

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英国电力的社会技术转型：第2部分–技术与可持续性

由工程师，社会科学家和政策分析师组成的大型跨学科联盟，为英国开发了三种低排放，多电的过渡途径。该方法基于早期对过渡的理解，将具有景观，政权和利基水平的多层次观点应用于社会技术情景的发展。到2050年的途径将重点放在电力部门，包括增加将低排放电力用于取暖和运输的潜力。第1部分介绍了对历史能源和基础设施转型的研究，这些研究有助于了解过去转型的动态和时机。还描述了大型和小型参与者在电力部门中的作用以及开发途径的方法。在第2部分中 对相关技术进行评估，以确定英国能源政策制定者和利益相关者需要做出的选择。使用补充的生命周期评估和足迹方法对这三种途径的环境绩效进行了评估。对于其他试图减少其发电系统排放量的工业化国家，显然可以借鉴经验，尽管当地情况将决定针对特定国家和地区的选择。