Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is an emerging concept that is believed to help realise the vision of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). IoV has become an important research area of impactful applications in recent years due to the rapid advancements in vehicular technologies, high throughput satellite communication, Internet of Things and cyber-physical systems. IoV enables the integration of smart vehicles with the Internet and system components attributing to their environment such as public infrastructures, sensors, computing nodes, pedestrians and other vehicles. By allowing the development of a common information exchange platform between vehicles and heterogeneous vehicular networks, this integration aims to create a better environment and public space to the people as well as to enhance safety for all road users. Being a participatory data exchange and storage, the underlying information exchange platform of IoV needs to be secure, transparent and immutable in order to achieve the intended objectives of ITS. In this connection, the adoption of blockchain as a system platform for supporting the information exchange needs of IoV has been explored. Due to their decentralized and immutable nature, IoV applications enabled by blockchain are believed to have a number of desirable properties such as decentralization, security, transparency, immutability, and automation. In this paper, we present a contemporary survey on the latest advancement in blockchain for IoV. Particularly, we highlight the different application scenarios of IoV after carefully reviewing the recent literatures. We also investigate several key challenges where blockchain is applied in IoV. Furthermore, we present the future opportunities and explore further research directions of IoV as a key enabler of ITS.

中文翻译：

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面向智能交通系统的车联网区块链：一项调查

车联网 (IoV) 是一个新兴概念，被认为有助于实现智能交通系统 (ITS) 的愿景。近年来，由于车载技术、高吞吐量卫星通信、物联网和网络物理系统的快速发展，车联网已成为具有影响力的应用的重要研究领域。车联网能够将智能车辆与互联网和归因于其环境的系统组件（例如公共基础设施、传感器、计算节点、行人和其他车辆）集成。通过允许在车辆和异构车辆网络之间开发通用信息交换平台，这种集成旨在为人们创造更好的环境和公共空间，并提高所有道路使用者的安全。作为参与式数据交换和存储，车联网底层信息交换平台需要安全、透明和不可变，以实现 ITS 的预期目标。在这方面，探索了采用区块链作为支持车联网信息交换需求的系统平台。由于其去中心化和不可变的特性，区块链支持的车联网应用被认为具有许多理想的特性，例如去中心化、安全性、透明性、不变性和自动化。在本文中，我们对车联网区块链的最新进展进行了当代调查。特别是，我们在仔细阅读了最近的文献后强调了车联网的不同应用场景。我们还调查了在车联网中应用区块链的几个关键挑战。