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Targeted Intervention in Random Graphs
arXiv - CS - Computer Science and Game Theory Pub Date : 2020-07-13 , DOI: arxiv-2007.06445
William Brown and Utkarsh Patange

We consider a setting where individuals interact in a network, each choosing actions which optimize utility as a function of neighbors' actions. A central authority aiming to maximize social welfare at equilibrium can intervene by paying some cost to shift individual incentives, and the optimal intervention can be computed using the spectral decomposition of the graph, yet this is infeasible in practice if the adjacency matrix is unknown. In this paper, we study the question of designing intervention strategies for graphs where the adjacency matrix is unknown and is drawn from some distribution. For several commonly studied random graph models, we show that there is a single intervention, proportional to the first eigenvector of the expected adjacency matrix, which is near-optimal for almost all generated graphs when the budget is sufficiently large. We also provide several efficient sampling-based approaches for approximately recovering the first eigenvector when we do not know the distribution. On the whole, our analysis compares three categories of interventions: those which use no data about the network, those which use some data (such as distributional knowledge or queries to the graph), and those which are fully optimal. We evaluate these intervention strategies on synthetic and real-world network data, and our results suggest that analysis of random graph models can be useful for determining when certain heuristics may perform well in practice.

中文翻译:

随机图中的有针对性的干预

我们考虑个人在网络中交互的设置,每个人都选择根据邻居行为优化效用的行为。一个旨在在均衡状态下最大化社会福利的中央权威可以通过支付一些成本来转移个人激励来进行干预,并且可以使用图的谱分解来计算最佳干预,但如果邻接矩阵未知,这在实践中是不可行的。在本文中,我们研究了为邻接矩阵未知且从某个分布中提取的图设计干预策略的问题。对于几个常用的随机图模型,我们表明存在一个单一的干预,与预期邻接矩阵的第一个特征向量成正比,当预算足够大时,这对于几乎所有生成的图来说都是近乎最优的。当我们不知道分布时,我们还提供了几种有效的基于采样的方法来近似恢复第一个特征向量。总的来说,我们的分析比较了三类干预:不使用网络数据的干预,使用一些数据的干预(例如分布知识或对图的查询),以及完全优化的干预。我们在合成和真实世界的网络数据上评估这些干预策略,我们的结果表明,随机图模型的分析可用于确定某些启发式方法何时在实践中表现良好。当我们不知道分布时,我们还提供了几种有效的基于采样的方法来近似恢复第一个特征向量。总的来说,我们的分析比较了三类干预:不使用网络数据的干预,使用一些数据的干预(例如分布知识或对图的查询),以及完全优化的干预。我们在合成和真实世界的网络数据上评估这些干预策略,我们的结果表明,随机图模型的分析可用于确定某些启发式方法何时在实践中表现良好。当我们不知道分布时,我们还提供了几种有效的基于采样的方法来近似恢复第一个特征向量。总的来说,我们的分析比较了三类干预:不使用网络数据的干预,使用一些数据的干预(例如分布知识或对图的查询),以及完全优化的干预。我们在合成和真实世界的网络数据上评估这些干预策略,我们的结果表明,随机图模型的分析可用于确定某些启发式方法何时在实践中表现良好。
更新日期:2020-07-14
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