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Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles with an Extract of Euphorbia maculata and Their Use in the Biginelli Reaction
Organic Preparations and Procedures International ( IF 1.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-03 , DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2020.1764819
Heshmatollah Alinezhad 1 , Khatereh Pakzad 1
Affiliation  

Recently, nanotechnology has achieved tremendous recognition in science owing to its outstandingly productive uses. Some metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are limited in their use in medical applications because their preparation involves toxic and dangerous substances, high pressure, environmental and biological risks and high cost. Among the nanoparticles, copper nanoparticles are valued because of their low cost and easy access, and they are widely used, especially in the catalyst field. Their useful physical properties include high-temperature superconductivity. Copper catalysis is known as one of the most efficient systems for a variety of organic reactions. The green synthesis of metal and metal oxide NPs by plants and phytochemicals is highly beneficial due to simple access, cost-effectiveness, use of safe chemicals, environmental friendliness, and superior yield; it does not need rigorous preservation of laboratory cultures. The synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts is thus an effective biological method because it can produce nanoparticles on a large scale with no need for culture. Copper, of course, is abundantly found in numerous salts in nature and these serve as the primary sources for copper oxide nanoparticles. CuO NPs are used to improve the viscosity of energy transferring fluids, in addition to raising thermal conductivity. Industrially, CuO NPs are broadly applied as p-type semiconductors and transistors for the design and manufacturing of batteries, solar cells, gas sensors and field emitters. CuO NPs are employed as heterogeneous catalysts, as antioxidants, as components of drug delivery systems, and as imaging agents. Euphorbia maculata (Figure 1) grows abundantly in Asia, Africa, and South America. This plant, also known as the spotted spurge, has milky white latex which is characteristic of Euphorbiaceae species. The spurge family is a large one, consisting of widely varied categories of flowering plants. Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) under solvent-free conditions with a solid catalyst have received much attention among organic chemists interested in greening their preparations. MCRs have exceptional synthetic efficiency, high selectivity, and procedural simplicity. One-pot MCRs construct heterocyclic compounds with bond making and/or bond breaking in one step with high atom economy, and great diversity can be achieved by varying the reacting components. MCR methods are important for the synthesis of

中文翻译:

大戟提取物绿色合成氧化铜纳米颗粒及其在 Biginelli 反应中的应用

最近,纳米技术因其卓越的生产用途而在科学中获得了巨大的认可。一些金属纳米粒子 (NPs) 在医疗应用中的应用受到限制,因为它们的制备涉及有毒和危险物质、高压、环境和生物风险以及高成本。在纳米粒子中,铜纳米粒子因其成本低、获取方便而受到重视,应用广泛,尤其是在催化剂领域。它们有用的物理特性包括高温超导性。铜催化被认为是各种有机反应最有效的系统之一。通过植物和植物化学物质绿色合成金属和金属氧化物 NPs 是非常有益的,因为它获取简单、成本效益高、使用安全化学品、环境友好、产量高;它不需要严格保存实验室培养物。因此,使用植物提取物合成纳米颗粒是一种有效的生物方法,因为它可以大规模生产纳米颗粒而无需培养。当然,铜在自然界中大量存在于许多盐中,这些盐是氧化铜纳米颗粒的主要来源。除了提高热导率之外,CuO NPs 还用于提高能量传输流体的粘度。在工业上,CuO NPs 被广泛用作 p 型半导体和晶体管,用于电池、太阳能电池、气体传感器和场发射器的设计和制造。CuO NPs 被用作多相催化剂、抗氧化剂、药物递送系统的组分和显像剂。Euphorbia maculata(图 1)在亚洲、非洲和南美洲大量生长。这种植物,也被称为斑点大戟,具有乳白色的乳胶,这是大戟科物种的特征。大戟科是一个大家族,由种类繁多的开花植物组成。在无溶剂条件下使用固体催化剂进行的多组分反应 (MCR) 受到了有机化学家的广泛关注,他们对绿色制备感兴趣。MCR 具有出色的合成效率、高选择性和程序简单性。一锅MCRs构建杂环化合物,具有高原子经济性的一步成键和/或断键,并且可以通过改变反应组分来实现极大的多样性。MCR 方法对于合成 也被称为斑点大戟,具有乳白色的乳胶,是大戟科物种的特征。大戟科是一个大家族,由种类繁多的开花植物组成。在无溶剂条件下使用固体催化剂进行的多组分反应 (MCR) 受到了有机化学家的广泛关注,他们对绿色制备感兴趣。MCR 具有出色的合成效率、高选择性和程序简单性。一锅MCRs构建杂环化合物,在一个步骤中形成键和/或断键,具有高原子经济性,并且可以通过改变反应组分来实现极大的多样性。MCR 方法对于合成 也被称为斑点大戟,具有乳白色的乳胶,是大戟科物种的特征。大戟科是一个大家族,由种类繁多的开花植物组成。在无溶剂条件下使用固体催化剂进行的多组分反应 (MCR) 受到了有机化学家的广泛关注,他们对绿色制备感兴趣。MCR 具有出色的合成效率、高选择性和程序简单性。一锅MCRs构建杂环化合物,具有高原子经济性的一步成键和/或断键,并且可以通过改变反应组分来实现极大的多样性。MCR 方法对于合成 由种类繁多的开花植物组成。在无溶剂条件下使用固体催化剂进行的多组分反应 (MCR) 受到了有机化学家的广泛关注,他们对绿色制备感兴趣。MCR 具有出色的合成效率、高选择性和程序简单性。一锅MCRs构建杂环化合物,在一个步骤中形成键和/或断键,具有高原子经济性,并且可以通过改变反应组分来实现极大的多样性。MCR 方法对于合成 由种类繁多的开花植物组成。在无溶剂条件下使用固体催化剂进行的多组分反应 (MCR) 受到了有机化学家的广泛关注,他们对绿色制备感兴趣。MCR 具有出色的合成效率、高选择性和程序简单性。一锅MCRs构建杂环化合物,具有高原子经济性的一步成键和/或断键,并且可以通过改变反应组分来实现极大的多样性。MCR 方法对于合成 和程序简单。一锅MCRs构建杂环化合物,具有高原子经济性的一步成键和/或断键,并且可以通过改变反应组分来实现极大的多样性。MCR 方法对于合成 和程序简单。一锅MCRs构建杂环化合物,具有高原子经济性的一步成键和/或断键,并且可以通过改变反应组分来实现极大的多样性。MCR 方法对于合成
更新日期:2020-07-03
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