Cervical cancer (CCa) is one of the most common malign diseases in women associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). The virus is an initiating factor, but not sufficient for the development of cervical intraepithelial lesions (CIN) and CCa. The disease might be a result of the influence of host's genetic factors and polymorphisms in inflammatory‐related genes that modify the immune response to HPV and attribute to cancer susceptibility. We carried out a study to determine the association between TNF‐a‐238G/A and TNF‐a‐308 G/T polymorphisms with HPV‐positive CIN and CCa in women living in the Republic of North Macedonia. Using multiplex SNaPshot analysis for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we analysed the genotype and allele distributions of TNF‐a‐238G/A and TNF‐a‐308 G/T in 134 cases (HPV‐positive and histologically confirmed CIN and CCa) and in 113 controls (cytological and HPV‐negative women). For further analysis, the case group was stratified in three subgroups (all cases: CINs+ CCa− group; CIN2+ ‐group and CIN1− group). Data analysed using the odds ratio (OR) and chi‐square test showed the frequency of AA genotypes and A alleles are not significantly higher in cases compared to the controls for both SNPs: AA of TNF‐a‐238 (0.7% versus 0%) and TNF‐a‐308 (1.5% versus 0.9%) as well as A allelic frequency (3.0% versus 1.7%) and (13.1% versus 10.6), respectively. The comparison of the case's subgroups with the control group did not show a statistically significant difference. Compared to controls, TNF‐a‐238G/A and TNF‐a‐308 G/T are not associated with the risk of HPV associated CIN or CCa in the studied women.

中文翻译：

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北马其顿共和国女性 TNF-a（rs361525 和 rs1800629）与宫颈上皮内病变和宫颈癌易感性的关系

宫颈癌 (CCa) 是与人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 相关的女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。该病毒是一个启动因素，但不足以导致宫颈上皮内病变 (CIN) 和 CCa 的发展。该疾病可能是宿主遗传因素和炎症相关基因多态性影响的结果，这些基因改变了对 HPV 的免疫反应并导致癌症易感性。我们开展了一项研究，以确定生活在北马其顿共和国的妇女的 TNF-a-238G/A 和 TNF-a-308 G/T 多态性与 HPV 阳性 CIN 和 CCa 之间的关联。对单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 使用多重 SNaPshot 分析，我们分析了 134 例（HPV 阳性且组织学证实的 CIN 和 CCa）和 113 例对照（细胞学和 HPV 阴性女性）中 TNF-a-238G/A 和 TNF-a-308 G/T 的基因型和等位基因分布. 为了进一步分析，病例组被分为三个亚组（所有病例：CINs+CCa-组；CIN2+-组和CIN1-组）。使用优势比 (OR) 和卡方检验分析的数据显示，与两种 SNP 的对照相比，病例中 AA 基因型和 A 等位基因的频率并未显着升高：TNF-a-238 的 AA（0.7% 对 0% ) 和 TNF-a-308（1.5% 对 0.9%）以及 A 等位基因频率（3.0% 对 1.7%）和（13.1% 对 10.6）。病例亚组与对照组的比较没有显示出统计学上的显着差异。与对照相比，