ABSTRACT Impedance is a physical parameter that plays an important role in seismic data processing and interpretation. A relative impedance perturbation (the ratio of the impedance perturbation and the impedance for the background models) imaging method in depth domain based on the reflection wave equation is proposed. Under the small perturbation assumption, primary wave and high‐frequency approximation condition, a linear propagation equation of the primary reflection waves based on the relative impedance perturbation was first derived. On this basis, we further derived the imaging formula of the relative impedance perturbation using a linear inversion theory. Then, the source–receiver bidirectional illumination compensation was used to improve the image quality of the subsurface structures. The image result obtained by this method can be used to estimate the relative impedance perturbation. In the angle domain, the extracted near‐angle‐domain image gather with amplitude compensation can estimate the relative impedance perturbation, and the far‐angle image gather provides the estimation of the relative velocity perturbation (the ratio of the velocity perturbation and the background velocity). Finally, several numerical tests demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.

中文翻译：

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相对阻抗扰动的角域成像

摘要 阻抗是一个物理参数，在地震数据处理和解释中起着重要作用。提出了一种基于反射波方程的深度域相对阻抗摄动（阻抗摄动与背景模型阻抗之比）成像方法。在小扰动假设、一次波和高频近似条件下，首次推导出基于相对阻抗扰动的一次反射波线性传播方程。在此基础上，我们利用线性反演理论进一步推导出相对阻抗摄动的成像公式。然后，使用源 - 接收器双向照明补偿来提高地下结构的图像质量。该方法得到的图像结果可用于估计相对阻抗扰动。在角域中，提取的带幅度补偿的近角域图像集可以估计相对阻抗摄动，远角图像集提供相对速度摄动（速度摄动与背景速度之比）的估计。 ）。最后，通过几个数值试验证明了该方法的有效性。