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Studying glass on metal: Raman analysis of medieval champlevé enamelled objects
Journal of Raman Spectroscopy ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-14 , DOI: 10.1002/jrs.5934
Stefan Röhrs 1 , Gaia Fenoglio 1, 2 , Ina Reiche 1, 3 , Lothar Lambacher 4
Affiliation  

Medieval champleve enamelled objects are from copper sheets decorated with glass. The enamels were analysed by Raman spectroscopy to study the compositional differences in the glass matrix. Additional analyses were carried out by element analytical methods such µ-X-ray fluorescence analysis and environmental scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The two most frequently used glass types are mineral soda lime glass opacified with antimony compounds and vegetal soda lime glass with a more significant addition of PbO, opacified with SnO2. The enamel composition can succour the classification of the object regarding production time and place. The wavenumber of the bending and stretching regions, δmax and nu max, and the polymerisation index Ip were extracted from Raman spectra and results were interpreted with respect to the so-called glass families from the literature. The two most frequently used glass types can be distinguished in the plot of Ip vs. nu max. For further differentiation, the Si-O stretching nu max against Si-O bending δmax plot was exploited. This plot allowed a separation of glass types which superimposed in the plot of Ip vs. nu max, such as mixed alkaline glass and soda lime glass with added PbO. The small spot size and sensitivity of Raman analysis for lead and alkaline components allows to obtain complimentary data on compositional differences and heterogeneities of the glass matrix, which are difficult to detect by common laboratory micro-X-ray fluorescence analysis.

中文翻译:

研究金属上的玻璃:中世纪内嵌珐琅物体的拉曼分析

中世纪的 champleve 搪瓷物品来自用玻璃装饰的铜板。通过拉曼光谱分析搪瓷以研究玻璃基质中的成分差异。额外的分析是通过元素分析方法进行的,例如 μ-X 射线荧光分析和具有能量色散 X 射线分析的环境扫描电子显微镜。两种最常用的玻璃类型是用锑化合物不透明的矿物钠钙玻璃和添加了更多 PbO、用 SnO2 不透明的植物钠钙玻璃。搪瓷成分可以帮助物体在生产时间和地点方面的分类。弯曲和拉伸区域的波数,δmax 和 numax,聚合指数 Ip 从拉曼光谱中提取,结果根据文献中所谓的玻璃家族进行解释。在 Ip 与 nu max 的图中可以区分两种最常用的玻璃类型。为了进一步区分,利用了 Si-O 拉伸 nu max 与 Si-O 弯曲 δmax 图。该图允许分离叠加在 Ip 与 nu max 图中的玻璃类型,例如混合碱性玻璃和添加了 PbO 的钠钙玻璃。铅和碱性成分的拉曼分析的小光斑尺寸和灵敏度允许获得关于玻璃基质的组成差异和异质性的补充数据,这些数据很难通过普通实验室微 X 射线荧光分析检测到。在 Ip 与 nu max 的图中可以区分两种最常用的玻璃类型。为了进一步区分,利用了 Si-O 拉伸 nu max 与 Si-O 弯曲 δmax 图。该图允许分离叠加在 Ip 与 nu max 图中的玻璃类型,例如混合碱性玻璃和添加了 PbO 的钠钙玻璃。铅和碱性成分的拉曼分析的小光斑尺寸和灵敏度允许获得关于玻璃基质的成分差异和异质性的补充数据,这些数据很难通过普通实验室微 X 射线荧光分析检测到。在 Ip 与 nu max 的图中可以区分两种最常用的玻璃类型。为了进一步区分,利用了 Si-O 拉伸 nu max 与 Si-O 弯曲 δmax 图。该图允许分离叠加在 Ip 与 nu max 图中的玻璃类型,例如混合碱性玻璃和添加了 PbO 的钠钙玻璃。铅和碱性成分的拉曼分析的小光斑尺寸和灵敏度允许获得关于玻璃基质的组成差异和异质性的补充数据,这些数据很难通过普通实验室微 X 射线荧光分析检测到。该图允许分离叠加在 Ip 与 nu max 图中的玻璃类型,例如混合碱性玻璃和添加了 PbO 的钠钙玻璃。铅和碱性成分的拉曼分析的小光斑尺寸和灵敏度允许获得关于玻璃基质的组成差异和异质性的补充数据,这些数据很难通过普通实验室微 X 射线荧光分析检测到。该图允许分离叠加在 Ip 与 nu max 图中的玻璃类型,例如混合碱性玻璃和添加了 PbO 的钠钙玻璃。铅和碱性成分的拉曼分析的小光斑尺寸和灵敏度允许获得关于玻璃基质的组成差异和异质性的补充数据,这些数据很难通过普通实验室微 X 射线荧光分析检测到。
更新日期:2020-07-14
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