Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (GCSD) is a Gram‐positive, facultative anaerobic bacterium and mostly non‐β‐haemolytic with Lancefield group C antigen. GCSD infection has been identified in various vertebrates. From 2002 to the present, GCSD infection of fish has been reported to cause severe economic losses in aquaculture farms around the world. Moreover, GCSD isolates from teleosts have been identified in patients with ascending upper limb cellulitis. Therefore, the economic and clinical significance of GCSD has increased in aquaculture, livestock and human health. Many studies have been presented, from the first report of isolated GCSD in fish, to the pathogenesis, characterization, immune responses and vaccine development. In this review, we present the current knowledge of GCSD in teleosts.

中文翻译：

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鱼类中的C组链球菌抗乳菌感染。

链球菌dysgalactiae亚种。dysgalactiae（GCSD）是革兰氏阳性，兼性厌氧细菌，主要通过Lancefield C组抗原非β-溶血作用。已经在各种脊椎动物中鉴定出GCSD感染。据报道，从2002年至今，鱼类的GCSD感染在世界各地的水产养殖场中造成了严重的经济损失。此外，已经在患有上肢蜂窝组织炎的患者中鉴定了来自硬骨鱼的GCSD分离物。因此，GCSD在水产养殖，畜牧业和人类健康方面的经济和临床意义有所提高。从鱼类中分离出的GCSD的第一份报告到发病机理，特征，免疫应答和疫苗开发，已经提出了许多研究。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了硬骨鱼中GCSD的最新知识。