Despite the risk of significant adverse toxicological effects of Hg to humans and wildlife, Hg use in anthropogenic activities, and artisanal small‐scale gold mining (ASGM) in particular, is widespread throughout Latin America. However, there are few research and monitoring studies of Hg toxicity in fish and fish‐eating wildlife in Latin America compared to North America. In the present paper, we reviewed the literature from published articles and reports and summarized and assessed data on Hg in fish from 10 391 individuals and 192 species sampled across Latin America. We compared fish Hg levels with toxicity reference values (TRVs) for fish and dietary TRVs for fish‐eating wildlife. We determined that fish, piscivorous birds, and other wildlife are at risk of Hg toxicity. We observed a large disparity in data quantity between North and Latin America, and identified regions requiring further investigation. In particular, future biomonitoring and research should focus on exposure of wildlife to Hg in Peru, Chile, Uruguay, the eastern and northern regions of Brazil, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Colombia. We also discuss Hg risk assessment methodological issues and recommend that future evaluations of Hg risk to wildlife must collect key physiological variables, including age, body size, and ideally Hg‐to‐Se molar ratios. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:13–26. © 2020 Environment and Climate Change Canada. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)

中文翻译：

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拉丁美洲人类活动中鱼类和食鱼野生动物的汞暴露和毒理学后果。

尽管有可能对人类和野生生物造成严重的毒理学毒害作用，但在整个拉丁美洲，用于人类活动的汞的使用，尤其是手工小规模采金（ASGM）。但是，与北美相比，拉丁美洲鱼类和食鱼野生动物中汞毒性的研究和监测研究很少。在本文中，我们对来自已发表文章和报告的文献进行了回顾，并对来自拉丁美洲的10 391个个体和192个物种的鱼类中汞的汞含量进行了汇总和评估。我们将鱼类的汞含量与鱼类的毒性参考值（TRV）和食用鱼类的野生动物的膳食TRV进行了比较。我们确定鱼类，食肉鸟类和其他野生生物有汞中毒的风险。我们发现北美和拉丁美洲之间的数据量存在很大差异，并确定了需要进一步调查的区域。特别是，未来的生物监测和研究应集中在秘鲁，智利，乌拉圭，巴西东部和北部地区，委内瑞拉，厄瓜多尔和哥伦比亚的汞接触野生生物。我们还将讨论汞风险评估的方法论问题，并建议未来对野生动植物汞风险的评估必须收集关键的生理变量，包括年龄，体重和理想的汞硒摩尔比。Integr环境评估管理2021; 17：13–26。©2020加拿大环境与气候变化组织。Wiley Periodicals LLC代表环境毒理化学协会（SETAC）发布的《综合环境评估与管理》