Magnesium reduction retorts fail after 60 days of operation owing to the extreme operating conditions (1200 °C and internal vacuum). Understanding failure micro-mechanisms is vital to designing new retorts with a prolonged lifespan. In this study, detailed thermodynamic simulation and microstructural examination are presented for creep failure analysis of retorts. Through thermodynamic simulations, the effect of C depletion and increase of Si concentration on equilibrium phases were studied. Microstructural evolutions are classified into three categories; (1) nucleation and propagation of surface and internal cracks, (2) formation of new precipitates, and (3) decomposition of austenite to pearlite in specific regions. Grain structures and second phases are linked to thermodynamic calculations and local chemical analysis by EDS in SEM. The controlling parameters of microstructural damages of retort tubes are studied systematically and summarized in this paper.

由于极端的运行条件（1200°C和内部真空），镁还原罐在运行60天后失效。了解失效的微观机制对于设计使用寿命更长的新型蒸馏釜至关重要。在这项研究中，提出了详细的热力学模拟和微观结构检查，以对re进行蠕变破坏分析。通过热力学模拟，研究了碳耗竭和硅浓度增加对平衡相的影响。微观结构的演变可分为三类。（1）表面和内部裂纹的形核和传播，（2）新沉淀的形成，（3）奥氏体在特定区域分解为珠光体。晶粒结构和第二相通过SEM中的EDS与热力学计算和局部化学分析相关联。